a.

All Native peoples were remarkably similar.

b.

All Native peoples were hunter-gatherers.

c.

Ancient Indians practiced nature-centered religions.

d.

Ancient Indians shared dozens of different languages.

e.

No Native peoples built towns.

a.

commonly fought amongst themselves

b.

lived peacefully together

c.

did not farm

d.

were monotheistic

e.

were few in number

a.

lived in longhouses.

b.

lived in pueblos.

c.

lived in massive urban centers.

d.

lived in nomadic tribes.

e.

were not yet farmers.

a.

were dedicated farmers.

b.

were very similar to the Mississippian peoples.

c.

lived in peace with each other.

d.

were divided into chiefs, commoners, and slaves.

e.

did not know how to fish.

a.

was a small fishing village of a few hundred people.

b.

was a well-developed trade center near present-day St. Louis.

c.

was a military stronghold.

d.

was destroyed by Europeans.

e.

was founded by the Adena-Hopewell culture.

a.

They often lived along rivers.

b.

They included Algonquian speakers.

c.

They included Iroquoian speakers.

d.

They included Muskogean speakers.

e.

All of these.

a.

More accurate navigation techniques

b.

The rise of modern nation-states

c.

The decline of feudalism in Europe

d.

Chinese conquerors threatening Europe from China

e.

The development of more powerful weapons

a.

The push for exploration

b.

An increase in commerce

c.

An increase in the power of the nobility

d.

The formation of nation-states

e.

The Protestant Reformation

a.

their spiritual welfare.

b.

whether or not they had gold.

c.

their scientific knowledge.

d.

their style of leadership.

e.

their physical safety.

a.

Lutheranism.

b.

Methodism.

c.

Calvinism.

d.

Catholicism.

e.

none of these.

a.

looking for land to acquire.

b.

in search of gold.

c.

to expand the influence of their home nations.

d.

to spread their religious beliefs.

e.

all of these

a.

increased tension between Europe’s nation-states and accelerated the pace of exploration.

b.

had no impact on the course of early American history.

c.

led to religious unity throughout Europe.

d.

spread slowly across Europe.

e.

ended Catholicism in Spain.

a.

France.

b.

England.

c.

Spain.

d.

The Netherlands.

e.

Portugal.

a.

Disease

b.

Starvation

c.

Tribal rivalries

d.

Religion

e.

Language

a.

Their financial success was tied directly to the natives’ defeat.

b.

Cortes made sure that desertion was not an option for his fighters.

c.

They had technological advantages such as steel swords.

d.

Cortes was a gifted military leader.

e.

All of these.

a.

bronze weaponry.

b.

horses.

c.

cannons.

d.

cargo ships.

e.

better maps.

a.

chicken pox.

b.

malaria.

c.

smallpox.

d.

measles.

e.

diphtheria.

a.

a large farm or ranch used by the Spanish in California.

b.

a religious institution for assimilation created by the Catholic Church.

c.

a Spanish economic system used to control African slaves.

d.

a socioeconomic system that gave control of Indian villages to favored Spanish soldiers.

e.

none of these.

a.

that Europeans brought new technology and science to native peoples.

b.

that native peoples gave new animals and plants to Europeans.

c.

that plants and animals were shared between natives and Europeans.

d.

that animals, plants, people, and cultures were exchanged between natives and Europeans.

e.

that disease was the only thing exchanged.

a.

Spanish, English, and Native Americans

b.

Native Americans, Spanish, and Africans

c.

Europeans, Natives, and Africans

d.

English, Africans, and Native Americans

e.

None of these

a.

Europeans and Native Americans were less different than their crops were.

b.

Europeans and Native Americans had nothing in common.

c.

No important crops were transplanted from the Americas to Europe.

d.

No significant European animals were adopted by Native Americans.

e.

Too many Native American crops were poisonous to Europeans to be helpful.

a.

Europeans to become more accepting of native religions.

b.

Europeans to adopt native medicine.

c.

the Spanish to leave the Americas.

d.

so many native deaths the Spanish switched to African slaves.

e.

all of these.

a.

new languages were created.

b.

new religious beliefs appeared.

c.

people adopted new ways of dressing.

d.

people’s taste in food began to change.

e.

all of these occurred.

a.

European food prices rose because of Western imports.

b.

There were no longer starving people in Europe because of these new foods.

c.

New crops like corn and potatoes helped Europe’s population to grow.

d.

Native crops always commanded higher prices than traditional European crops.

e.

Europeans now had coffee, rice, and wheat to eat.

a.

the transmission of new diseases to Europeans.

b.

the transmission of European diseases to Native Americans.

c.

the rise in European food prices.

d.

the rise in native food prices.

e.

none of these.

a.

Wheat

b.

Corn

c.

Rice

d.

Potato

e.

Indigo

a.

use missionaries to assimilate the natives.

b.

allow the native peoples to keep their land.

c.

follow a policy of religious toleration.

d.

mine for silver and gold and ignore agriculture.

e.

ignore this area entirely.

a.

It encouraged other European nations, like England, to explore there as well.

b.

It was short term.

c.

It never extended beyond Mexico.

d.

It was limited to gold mining only.

e.

None of the above.

a.

Portugal became the dominant power in the Americas.

b.

the native peoples were now independent once more.

c.

England could now begin colonizing America.

d.

Catholicism ended in the Americas.

e.

Europe’s wool market collapsed.

a.

Overall, Native Americans lives were better because of Spanish colonization.

b.

Native Americans were exploited, enslaved, and exterminated by the Spanish.

c.

The Spanish aided the natives as often as they could.

d.

The natives looked to the Spanish to make their lives better.

e.

The Spanish always valued input from the natives.

a.

were only exploited by the Spanish colonizers.

b.

must be seen as victims of the Spanish.

c.

were less affected by new diseases than historians once imagined.

d.

were active participants in the creation of a new society.

e.

thrived as a result of contact with the Spanish.

a.

always had enough workers to meet their labor needs.

b.

never considered using natives as slaves.

c.

believed natives to be their equals.

d.

compelled first native peoples, then Africans, to do much of their labor.

e.

always compensated native workers fairly.

a.

never profitable for the Spanish.

b.

characterized by racial equality.

c.

modeled on already existing English colonies.

d.

a Protestant stronghold in the Americas.

e.

an economic success for later European settlers.