1. what are the indications for theophylline?

for the prevetion and treatment of asthma, bronchitis, emphysema and COPD

2. What is the therapeutic range of theophylline? what does this mean and what is even more dangerous?

very low therapeutic index of 10-20 mc/ml, creates the need for TDM, and there is no antidote for overdose

3. What are the three systems effected by adverse reactions of theophylline?

CNS, cardiovascular and GI tract

4. What are the effects of theophylline on the CNS?

headache, insomnia, agitation, tremors, restlessness and medication resistant seizures (dose dependent, dramatic)

5. What are the treatments for theophylline effects on the CNS?

IM valium and hemoprofusion through charcoal cartridges

6. What are the cardiovascular effects of thiophylline?

dizziness, tachycardia and cardiac arrythmias

7. What are the GI tract effects of thiophylline?

nausea, anorexia, exacerbation of ulcers and diarrhea

8. What are the patient factors that increase the effects of thiophylline?

ChF, pulmonary edema, cirrhosis, severe COPD, HTN, hyperthyroidism, renal and hepatic disease, people consuming high carbs, neonates, and elderly (intensified CNS penetration and increased build up)

9. What are the patient factors that decrease the effects of thiophylline?

adolescents (clear faster), smokers (induce metabolism) and those who eat a high protein diet

10. What are the drug drug interactions of thiophylline?

beta blockers (block effects of cAMP), inhibitors of metabolism increase toxicity risk, inducers of thiophylline metabolism lower effects, and diuretics (higher risk of dehydration due to the effects of the caffeine durivitive)