What is the function of the goblet cells and bronchial glands? What is the purpose of surfactant? Where does muokinesis occur and what is the process? How are the alveoli protected from disease? How is the bronchial smooth muscle controlled? What is the effect of the parasympathetic innervation of the lung tissue? What are the constricting hormones and drugs of the lung tissue? What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the lung tissue? What are the different hormones and drugs that cause broncodilation? What is the process of bronchodilation on the lungs?

1. What is the function of the goblet cells and bronchial glands?

combine to produce the gel sol film (mucocilliary blanket)

2. What is the purpose of surfactant?

covers alveoli to create greater stability of alveoli during the nurmerous changes in pressure gradients

3. Where does muokinesis occur and what is the process?

in the trachea and bronch
process of moving mucous with the ciliated cells, mucous comes up and induces coughing or is unconsciously swallowd

4. How are the alveoli protected from disease?

macrophages migrate to the inner surface and engulf debris and invading substances

5. How is the bronchial smooth muscle controlled?

through the autonomic nervous system in the actual lung tissue, and the somatic nervous system operatels the diaphragm and rib muscles (skeletal muscles) for breathing

6. What is the effect of the parasympathetic innervation of the lung tissue?

acetylcholine from the vagus nerve stimulates muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, increasing mucosal secretions and the contraction of bronchiol smooth muscles

7. What are the constricting hormones and drugs of the lung tissue?

a1 receptor stimulation, histamine, PGF2a, seratonin, leukotrienes, B2 receptor blockade

8. What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the lung tissue?

epinephrine (from adrenal medulla) stimulates B1 and B2 adrenergic receptors, indcues relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles (bronchodilation)

9. What are the different hormones and drugs that cause broncodilation?

PGE2, PHI (prostacyclin), muscarinic acetylcholine receptor blockade (many drugs)

10. What is the process of bronchodilation on the lungs?

sympathetic stimulation --> epinephrine -> B2 receptors -> Adenyl cyclase (ATP -> cAMP (muscle relaxation) -> 5AMP -> adenosine (muscle constrction)