Homework answers / question archive / SECTION A: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS Please complete two questions from three options in part i) and complete two questions from three options in part ii)

SECTION A: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS Please complete two questions from three options in part i) and complete two questions from three options in part ii)

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SECTION A: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS Please complete two questions from three options in part i) and complete two questions from three options in part ii). All questions carry equal marks, each answer has a word limit of 300 words. Part i) Answer two questions only from the following: 1.Explain the reason why erythrocytes are mis-shapen in sickle cell anaemia? (10 marks) 2. Explain the reason why vegans are advised to take vitamin B12 supplements to prevent anaemia? (10 marks) 3. Explain what is meant by a ‘microcytic anaemia’. Explain the pathophysiology of two common microcytic anaemias and their clinical presentations (10 marks) Part ii) Answer two questions only from the following: 4. Explain how acyl carrier protein enables the synthesis of the 16-carbon saturated fatty acid palmitate. Precise details of the metabolic pathway are not required (10 marks). 5. Outline the pathophysiology of gout and explain how an increased alcohol consumption can exacerbate the condition (10 marks). 6. Briefly describe the components that combine to make up a phosphoglyceride and discuss how they contribute to the roles of the molecules in vivo. Name a pathophysiological condition that can be caused by insufficient synthesis of phosphoglycerides (10 marks). Section B: Answer ONE question from this section. You are advised to spend no more than 60 minutes on this section. The word limit for this is 1000 words. 7. An 18-month old male presents with frequent bleeding episodes and extensive bruising. Coagulation testing showed a prolonged Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time and low levels of FVIII. Explain how the coagulation cascade proceeds in a healthy individual and then discuss how the patient described affects the coagulation process and the tests Page 1 of 3 Blood Sciences indicated above. State clearly the likely diagnosis of the patient and a brief summary of the disorder. 8. Explain the source and roles of NADH and NADPH in red blood cells and discuss their importance in maintaining the function and integrity of the cells in normal physiology. Your answer should include an example of a relevant pathophysiological condition. Section C. This section is based on a case study and contains FIVE parts i), ii), iii) iv) v). Please complete all parts of the question. Case study 9. A 54 year old female patient X requires routine surgery. Before the operation a blood group, antibody screen and plasma saved for possible crossmatch, are requested. The following, in Fig 1 & 2, are the ABO & Rh group and antibody screen results for this patient: Fig 1: ABO & Rh results for Patient X Reagents Anti-A Anti-B Anti-D Control A1 cells Image from automated analyser Agglutination Results Fig 2: Antibody screen results for Patient X Reagents Screening Cell 1 Screening Cell 2 Image from automated analyser Agglutination Results Page 2 of 3 Blood Sciences Screening Cell 3 Auto B cells i) Interpret the results seen in Figures 1 & 2 by grading the agglutination results in the space under each gel column, titled ‘Agglutination Results’. State the patient’s ABO blood and Rh D Group: ………………… (15 Marks 100 words). ii) Explain your conclusions. (25 marks 200 words). iii) Comment on the findings of the antibody screen and explain the further tests required (20 marks 200 words). iv) Explain the principles of red cell agglutination and compare the two types of tests used for blood grouping and Antibody screen (30 Marks 300words). v) If blood was required for this patient what blood type (ABO group, Rh group etc) should be selected?