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Homework answers / question archive / Georgia State University, Perimeter College Sociology 3201 Wealth, Power and Status QUESTIONS ON MARX When people fail to recognize the structural sources of their oppression they are referred to as a class-for-itself are referred to as a class-in-itself are in class consciousness clearly perceive the class division in society they are freed from alienation   In his stages of human history Marx suggests that there was a significant difference between the first stage and all the others

Georgia State University, Perimeter College Sociology 3201 Wealth, Power and Status QUESTIONS ON MARX When people fail to recognize the structural sources of their oppression they are referred to as a class-for-itself are referred to as a class-in-itself are in class consciousness clearly perceive the class division in society they are freed from alienation   In his stages of human history Marx suggests that there was a significant difference between the first stage and all the others

Sociology

Georgia State University, Perimeter College

Sociology 3201

Wealth, Power and Status

QUESTIONS ON MARX

  1. When people fail to recognize the structural sources of their oppression they
  1. are referred to as a class-for-itself
  2. are referred to as a class-in-itself
  3. are in class consciousness
  4. clearly perceive the class division in society
  5. they are freed from alienation

 

  1. In his stages of human history Marx suggests that there was a significant difference between the first stage and all the others. What was different about this first stage?

a. we all carried clubs

b.individual needs were most important

c. people were sexually rampant

d.there were no classes

e. there was increased ownership of private property

 

  1. What aspect of society does Karl Marx focus on?

a.the idea that not all parts of a society contribute to its stability all the time

b.the roles that each aspect of society fulfills

c. the meanings that people attach to their behavior

d.the competition for the “goods” of a society between different groups

e. none of the above

 

  1. Marx believed that historical change is driven by:

a.class conflict

b.the protestant ethic

c. conspiracy

d.the bourgeoisie

e. structural strain

 

  1. All of the following statements about Marx’s view of religion are true EXCEPT:

a. religion legitimizes the statues quo and diverts people’s attention from social oppression

b.religion is alienating

c. religion cements a society’s collective consciousness

d.religion is the expression of real suffering and a protest of real suffering

e. religion reflects the economic interests of the dominant group

 

  1. According to Marx, which of the following is NOT linked to the development of revolutionary potential of the working class?
  1. the homogeneity of the working class
  2. the disappearance of classes which complicate the dichotomous class structure (i.e. the petty bourgeoisie)
  3. the presence of false consciousness
  4. the growing economic disparities between capitalists and wage earners
  5. the development of class consciousness

 

  1. Communism, according to Marx, involved all but which of the following characteristics?
  1. it is driven by moral, rather than technical, decision making.
  2. the abolition of private property
  3. it is the solution of the antagonism between man and nature
  4. it unites economics and morals
  5. it would be the end of human history

 

  1. Alienated labor
  1. involves the unification of mental and physical labor
  2. promotes individualistic thoughts
  3. promotes the species being viewpoint
  4. is mainly done by the bougeoisie
  5. is only found in capitalist societies

 

  1. According to Marx, in capitalist societies
  1. production is primarily noncompetitive
  2. people are taught to limit their wants
  3. there is equality in terms of economic resources
  4. people are seen by each other mainly in terms of satisfying a need
  5. people are normally very active in the political process

 

  1. Praxis
  1. is life activity which makes one feel less than human
  2. involves the separation of matter and ideas
  3. is the same as alienated labor
  4. is a "labor of love"
  5. all of the above

 

  1. Marx has been criticized for
  1. ignoring the structural aspects of stratification
  2. lacking a sense of praxis
  3. being economically deterministic (i.e. focusing too much on economics)
  4. being conservative
  5. none of the above

 

  1. According the reading Bourgeois and Proletarians by Marx, what is the weapon used by the bourgeois to force all nations to adopt the capitalistic mode of production?
  1. ideology
  2. the money economy
  3. inexpensive commodities
  4. false consciousness
  5. all of the above

 

  1. According the reading Bourgeois and Proletarians by Marx, who are the wielders of the weapons that will ultimately destroy the capitalist class?
  1. the proletariat
  2. the feudal lords
  3. the merchant class
  4. the lumpenproletariat
  5. the highly educated professional class

 

  1. According the reading Bourgeois and Proletarians by Marx, as the proletariat works to move beyond capitalism, what is the main concept they aim to destroy?
  1. alienation
  2. capitalist ideology
  3. private property
  4. wage inequality
  5. forced labor

 

  1. According the reading Bourgeois and Proletarians by Marx, the victory of the proletariat
  1. requires the assistance of the lumpenproletariat
  2. will harken the return of primitive communism
  3. is made more difficult due to the existence of a stable middle class
  4. is inevitable
  5. all of the above

 

  1. According the reading Bourgeois and Proletarians by Marx, what did capitalists replace the feudalistic ties that emphasized a sense of natural superiority with?
  1. alienated labor
  2. objectification
  3. self-interest and cash payment
  4. the blasé attitude
  5. organic solidarity

 

  1. According the reading Bourgeois and Proletarians by Marx, what is the main driving force behind all human history?
  1. commodification
  2. trade routes and weather patterns
  3. species being
  4. class struggle
  5. class conciousness

 

  1. In the reading Bourgeois and Proletarians which of the following words did Marx not use to describe the exploitation faced by workers in modern capitalism
  1. shameless
  2. brutal
  3. naked
  4. direct
  5. covert

 

 

  1. According the reading Bourgeois and Proletarians by Marx, factory workers are organized like what group?
  1. ants
  2. soldiers
  3. criminals
  4. machines
  5. cattle

 

  1. According the reading Bourgeois and Proletarians by Marx, what is the result of increasingly developed modern industry as related to gender equality at work?
  1. men become increasingly valued relative to women
  2. women and men become increasingly similar in terms of their exploitation
  3. all workers become valued more regardless of their gender
  4. the workplace distinctions between men and women are enhanced
  5. women become increasingly powerful relative to men in absolute terms

 

  1. According the reading Bourgeois and Proletarians by Marx, which of the following is the truly revolutionary class?
  1. workers
  2. small manufacturers
  3. peasants
  4. artisans
  5. the lower middle class

 

 

QUESTIONS ON WEBER

  1. The Peter Principle refers to which of the following?
  1. in bureaucracies employees rise to the level of their incompetence
  2. in bureaucracies work expands to fill the time available for its completion
  3. in bureaucracies rigid routines and pressure to conform stifles creativity
  4. in bureaucracies communication is almost always downward
  5. bureaucracies often lose sight of the original reason (goal) of the organization

 

  1. In which of the following ways did Weber differ from Marx in his predictions of what would take place as a result of the rise of the capitalistic state?
  1. Weber felt that working in a bureaucracy would be alienating.
  2. Weber felt that bureaucracy would continue to exist in any modern society.
  3. Weber felt more strongly than Marx that social class (i.e. economics) would be the dominant criteria of stratification.
  4. All of the above

 

  1. According to Weber, which of the following types of actions and becoming more common in modern societies?
  1. Traditional action
  2. Value-rational action
  3. Affective action
  4. Rationally purposeful action
  5. All of the above

 

  1. For Weber, which of the following is the most obvious example of rationalization of modern capitalism?
  1. alienation
  2. commodification
  3. pseudocharisma
  4. authority
  5. bureaucracy

 

  1. All of the following elements are aspects of Weber’s typology of bureaucracy EXCEPT:

a.Bureaucracies are designed as a top-down hierarchy

b.Bureaucracies rely on unexamined compliance with authority

c. Bureaucracies produce individuals who exercise conscientious autonomy d.Bureaucracies are designed to be efficient

e. Bureaucracies are meritocratic

 

  1. According to Weber, what is the form of social action that is dominant in modern societies?

a. charismatic

b.rationally purposeful

c. value-rational

d.traditional

e. objective

 

  1. According to The Three Types of Legitimate Rule by Max Weber, the process of making charismatic power traditional is referred to as which of the following
  1. pseudocharisma
  2. transformative rule
  3. routinization
  4. charismatic succession
  5. none of the above

 

  1. According to The Three Types of Legitimate Rule by Max Weber, charisma in its purest form is which of the following?
  1. authoritarian
  2. derived from the acknowledgement of the ruled
  3. legitimated in an uncoerced way
  4. free of the threat of punishment
  5. based on tradition and logic

 

  1. According to The Three Types of Legitimate Rule by Max Weber, which of the following is not part of the administrative ideal of legal-rational rule?
  1. an objective outlook based on effectiveness
  2. impartiality
  3. formal and rational rules
  4. arbitrariness and unpredictability
  5. all of the above are listed as part of the administrative ideal

 

  1. According to The Three Types of Legitimate Rule by Max Weber, the purest form on domination associated with the patriarchal structure of administration is referred to as which of the following?
  1. totalitarianism
  2. hedonism
  3. sultanism
  4. atheism
  5. alienation

 

  1. According to The Three Types of Legitimate Rule by Max Weber, how can the problem of succession be solved?
  1. the leader naming his/her own successor
  2. inheritance passed onto a blood relative
  3. waiting passively for a new leader to emerge
  4. anointment based on ritual
  5. all of the above

 

  1. According to The Three Types of Legitimate Rule by Max Weber, which of the following are associated with charisma?
  1. magical capabilities
  2. prophecies
  3. heroism
  4. oratorical powers
  5. all of the above

 

 

QUESTIONS ON TONNIES

  1. Which of the following is associated with Gesellschaft?
  1. strong solidarity based on tradition
  2. “sharp” and “cool”
  3. blasé attitude
  4. species being
  5. people are ends

 

  1. Which of the following is most closely associated with Gesellschaft?
  1. emotional decision-making
  2. trust and connectivity
  3. emotionally rewarding relationships
  4. limited privacy
  5. isolation and anonymity

 

  1. Which of the following is most closely associated with Gemeinschaft?
  1. calculating self-interest
  2. cultural pluralism
  3. strong solidarity
  4. science
  5. social networking

 

  1. Which of the following characteristics is consistent with Gesellshaft?
  1. People are motivated by self-interest
  2. People tend to view each other as a means of achieving their own goals
  3. “Everything is in the head”
  4. Scientifically driven production
  5. All of the above

 

 

QUESTIONS ON DURKHEIM

  1. According to Durkheim, what holds modern societies together?
  1. informal social control
  2. the similarities among people
  3. functional interdependence
  4. a common religion
  5. all of the above

 

  1. Which of the following is associated with Organic Solidarity?
  1. ascribed statuses
  2. arranged marriages
  3. secularization
  4. informal social control
  5. alienation

 

  1. According to Durkheim, which of the following is true
  1. statuses are ascribed within organic solidarity
  2. functional interdependence leads to mechanical solidarity
  3. spontaneous social control is increasingly common in modern societies
  4. the transition from organic to mechanical solidarity is increasing rapid
  5. societies are becoming increasingly secular

 

 

QUESTIONS ON SIMMEL

  1. According to Simmel, the “fragmentation of self”
  1. allows a person to be creative
  2. can be a source of alienation if forced upon the individual
  3. allows a person to take positive advantage of situations
  4. refers to the process through which individuals in modern societies are forced to play many roles for different audiences
  5. all of the above

 

  1. Simmel focuses on which of the following opposing pairs?
  1. individual and society
  2. gemeinshaft and gesellshaft
  3. functional importance and scarcity of personnel
  4. bourgeoisie and proletariat
  5. rationalization and bureaucracy

 

  1. Which of the following statements is true about Simmel’s ideas concerning modern societies?
  1. Simmel agreed with Durkheim that the prevalence of a precise division of labor in modern societies would reduce conflict between the individual and society, and promote solidarity.
  2. Simmel embraced Marx’s concept of species being
  3. Simmel felt that competition and conflict among individuals would inevitably lead to alienation and rationalization
  4. Simmel argued that capitalistic societies could allow for less freedom of individuals than Marx would admit
  5. none of the above are true

 

  1. The blasé attitude
  1. enables people to react with energy to his or her environment
  2. promotes class consciousness
  3. is less common among modern urban residents
  4. results from excessive commodification
  5. enhances the emancipation of the working class

 

  1. Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as a consequence of urban development in Simmel’s reading?

a. anger towards society

b.social distance among individuals

c. growth and development of the individual

d.alienation

 

e. distrust of others

 

  1. How does Simmel’s theory of modern society differ from that of Marx?

a.he believed modern society fostered unity rather than conflict

b.he believed modern society promoted confinement rather than freedom

c. he believed modern society was irrational rather than rational

d.he believed modern society was an event rather than a collection of individuals

e. he believed modern society was less friendly compared with traditional societies

 

  1. According to Simmel’s The Metropolis and Mental Life, which of the following characterizes the development of modern culture?
  1. the individual overcoming the demands of society to conform
  2. the rise of the objective spirit over the subjective spirit
  3. individuals summoning their uniqueness in order to protect their personal core
  4. individuals rejecting their role as a cog in an enormous organization
  5. all of the above

 

  1. According to Simmel’s The Metropolis and Mental Life, which of the following best describes what he calls the blasé attitude?
  1. the objective relinquishing of power to society as a whole
  2. the dominant paradigm found in rural villages
  3. the subjective reflection of the completely internalized money economy
  4. the adoption of the gesellshaft orientation
  5. the inevitable result of long-term alienated labor

 

  1. According to Simmel’s The Metropolis and Mental Life, which of the following is not forced upon individuals in urban settings?
  1. irrationality
  2. punctuality
  3. exactness
  4. calculability
  5. the money economy

 

  1. According to Simmel’s The Metropolis and Mental Life, in comparison to the metropolis, small town life is characterized by which of the following?
  1. deeply felt and emotional relationships
  2. achieved statuses
  3. the blasé attitude
  4. the “objective spirit”
  5. calculating exactness

 

  1. According to Simmel, which of the following is possible through fashion?
  1. ego involvement
  2. differential rewards
  3. total conformity to the demands of urban living
  4. impression management
  5. the looking glass self

 

  1. According to Simmel’s The Metropolis and Mental Life, the money economy reduces all quality and individuality to which of the following?
  1. subjective differentiation
  2. utilitarian value
  3. species being
  4. the question “how much?”
  5. functional importance

 

QUESTIONS ON SAHLINS

  1. According to Sahlins
  1. Members of hunting and gathering societies have curbed their capitalistic instincts.
  2. Modern societies have resolved the conflict between wants and needs.
  3. Hunting and gathering societies are free from the materialistic wants that plague capitalistic societies.
  4. Members of hunting and gathering societies work more than those in modern societies
  5. Modern societies have limited their materialistic wants.

 

  1. According to Sahlins, which of the following is false?
  1. Modern man judges hunters and gatherers using capitalistic standards.
  2. Poverty is an invention of civilization.
  3. Hunger is more of a problem in hunting and gathering societies than in modern societies.
  4. Affluence can be obtained by producing much or wanting little.
  5. None of the above are false.

 

  1. Sahlins considers ancient hunter gathers affluent because:

a.their material production was limited and they desired a lot

b.they filled their free time with unalienated labor

c. their material wants were easily satisfied d.they associated material things with status

e. they were an egalitarian society

 

  1. According to Salhins, in the game of consumer free choice, every acquisition is which of the following?
  1. a deprivation
  2. a victory
  3. means to another acquisition
  4. an end in itself
  5. a step toward freedom from wants

 

  1. According to Salhins, in modern societies scarcity is created to do what?
  1. decrease demand
  2. enhance alienation
  3. increase profitability
  4. produce the fragmentation of self
  5. foster contentment among the haves

 

 

QUESTIONS ON DAVIS & MOORE and TUMIN

  1. Which of the following is neither implied nor explicitly stated, by Davis and Moore, as a potential reward for functionally important positions in society?
  1. leisure
  2. the intrinsic joy of work
  3. income
  4. authority
  5. prestige

 

  1. According to Tumin, social stratification has which of the following effects on the subordinate classes of society:
  1. it limits the discovery of their talent.
  2. it lowers their self-concept.
  3. it encourages hostility and distrust among them.

 

  1. it limits their loyalty toward society
  2. all of the above

 

  1. Which of the following helps to determine which jobs are functionally important in a society?
  1. talent
  2. unequal rewards
  3. the size of a society
  4. training
  5. functionless ownership

 

  1. According to Davis and Moore
  1. individuals can purchase access to functionally important occupations
  2. occupations are more highly rewarded when they are more functionally important
  3. people are naturally motivated to work
  4. prestige tends to be lower in situation where membership in given profession is rigidly controlled
  5. functionless ownership is not possible

 

  1. Which of the following are characteristics that Davis and Moore associate with human nature?
  1. apathy and disinterest
  2. unhappiness and envy
  3. evil and corruption
  4. self-interest and laziness
  5. hard work and altruism

 

  1. Tumin is critical of Davis and Moore's theory for all but which of the following reasons?
  1. their concept "functionally importance" is difficult to define.
  2. their theory understates the range of talents typically found within societies.
  3. it is questionable whether training is truly a sacrifice.
  4. it ignores the possibility that individuals work for the "joy of work" or a sense of "social duty".
  5. their theory comes from the conflict perspectiv

 

  1. Davis-Moore thesis suggests that stratification:
  1. promotes inefficiency in the productive process.
  2. is related to class conflict.
  3. has beneficial consequences for the operation of society.
  4. is a function of the distribution of power
  5. none of the above

 

  1. According to Davis and Moore’s Some Principles of Stratification, what is necessary as cultural heritage grows?
  1. functional importance
  2. increased specialization
  3. social stratification
  4. humor and diversion
  5. talent and training

 

  1. According to Davis and Moore’s Some Principles of Stratification, why does it matter who gets placed into what position within the division of labor?
  1. some positions are more functionally important than others
  2. some positions require special talents or training
  3. because it is essential that some positions are performed with diligence
  4. some positions are inherently more agreeable than others
  5. all of the above

 

  1. According to Davis and Moore’s Some Principles of Stratification, which of the following are not presented as polar opposites?
  1. familistic and capitalistic basis of social organization
  2. class organized and class unorganized solidarity
  3. mobile and immobile degree of opportunity
  4. equalitarian and unequalitarian magnitude of invidious differences
  5. specialized and unspecialized division of labor

 

  1. According to Davis and Moore’s Some Principles of Stratification, which of the following is not listed as a control that keeps political power from becoming complete?
  1. the fact that rulers represent the interest of the group rather than themselves
  2. the fact that the ruler has power based on his/her office and nothing else
  3. that rulers are dependent on others for technical assistance
  4. the fact that ego expansion is limited by the division of labor
  5. the small number of political leaders relative to the size of the general population

 

  1. What role in society in society is particularly difficult for Davis and Moore’s theory difficult to explain
  1. clergy
  2. political leaders
  3. functionless owners
  4. professional athletes
  5. elementary school teachers

 

  1. How would Davis and Moore describe a college education
  1. an unnecessary investment
  2. a burden and a sacrifice
  3. a route to economic stagnation
  4. the reward of excellence
  5. a privilege of the worthy

 

 

QUESTIONS ON RAND

  1. According to Ayn Rand, which of the following are legitimate roles of government?
  1. providing a social safety-net for disadvantaged citizens
  2. requiring citizens to rationally participate in the democratic process
  3. enhancing the productivity through financial assistance to corporations
  4. promotion of capitalism in third world nations through loans to poor nations
  5. protecting citizens from physical force

 

  1. What of the following “theories of good” does Rand support?
  1. The species being theory
  2. The intrinsic theory
  3. The objective theory
  4. The subjective theory
  5. all of the above

 

  1. Upon which of the following do Ayn Rand and Karl Marx agree?
  1. humans have a need to creatively express themselves through their work
  2. mysticism distorts reality
  3. individuals should rationally reflect upon how they consume products in capitalistic societies.
  4. all of the above
  5. none of the above

 

 

  1. In order for man to exercise his true essence in capitalist society, according to Rand, what is required?

a. social unity

b.equality

c. brotherhood

d.freedom

e. egalitarianism

 

  1. If a person gives up a position of power and influence to become a fortune-teller, Rand would assume that is behavior is:

a.selfish, because they are deceiving other people

b.time consuming, because they have to learn how to read a crystal ball

c. honorable, because they gave up their privilege to help others

d.irrational, because they are giving up their self interest

e. freeing, because they are doing what they like to do

 

  1. Which one of the following is a feature of the objective view of good:

a.good bears no relation to the facts of reality

b.good is good in and of itself

c. good is intrinsic in certain actions

d.good is evaluated through the facts of reality

e. good is a matter of arbitrary choice

 

  1. According to Ayn Rand, capitalism created the legal institution of:
  1. political economy
  2. private property
  3. serfdom
  4. collective good
  5. feudalism

 

  1. According to Ayn Rand, a particular reason why capitalism is better than other economic systems is because:
  1. it utilizes a nation’s social surplus
  2. it treats mankind as an entity
  3. it promotes the common good
  4. it fosters the idea of freedom
  5. it promotes and utilizes the philosophy of altruism

 

  1. Which three qualities are important in Ayn Rand’s definition of a true individual?
  1. thinking, knowledge, and rational action

 

  1. knowledge, altruism, and justice
  2. creating a social surplus, rational action, freedom
  3. emotionalism, thinking based in reality, freedom
  4. trading by voluntary consent, working for the common good, knowledge

 

  1. What is NOT an integral part of Ayn Rand’s definition of capitalism?
  1. private ownership of all property
  2. individual rights
  3. a government that retaliates against aggressors
  4. the creative mind
  5. it allows the best allocation of national resources

 

 

 

  1. Ayn Rand states that capitalism is the only social system based on an objective theory of moral values. An objective theory of values includes the concept that:
  1. issues of good and evil are based on subjective choice
  2. good is inherent in certain things or actions, regardless of context or consequences
  3. good is a product of a person’s consciousness and emotions
  4. good is based in reality and evaluated by a person’s rational consciousness
  5. the common good of society is superior to the individual good of its members

 

  1. Ayn Rand’s definition of capitalism includes a free market where people trade goods that have value to them. She makes a distinction between items with philosophically objective value and those with socially objective value. Which of the following statements does NOT reflect her distinction between philosophical and socially objective values?
  1. a rational person will decide what objects are socially objectively valuable to him/her.
  2. items that are philosophically objectively valuable are not necessarily the most popular.
  3. the market value of a product represents its philosophically objective value.
  4. a famous Renaissance sculpture could be considered philosophically valuable.
  5. a company that wants to make money should produce goods with socially objective value.

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