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NR360 Information Systems in Healthcare RUA: We Can, But Dare We? Guidelines Purpose The purpose of this assignment is to investigate informatics in healthcare and to apply professional, ethical, and legal principles to its appropriate use in healthcare technology
NR360 Information Systems in Healthcare RUA: We Can, But Dare We? Guidelines Purpose The purpose of this assignment is to investigate informatics in healthcare and to apply professional, ethical, and legal principles to its appropriate use in healthcare technology. Course outcomes: This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes: CO 4: Investigate safeguards and decision?making support tools embedded in patient care technologies and information systems to support a safe practice environment for both patients and healthcare workers. (PO 4) CO 6: Discuss the principles of data integrity, professional ethics, and legal requirements related to data security, regulatory requirements, confidentiality, and client’s right to privacy. (PO 6) CO 8: Discuss the value of best evidence as a driving force to institute change in the delivery of nursing care. (PO 8) Due date: Your faculty member will inform you when this assignment is due. The Late Assignment Policy applies to this assignment. Total points possible: 240 points Requirements: • • • • • • • • • • Research, compose, and type a scholarly paper based on the scenario provided by your faculty, and choose a conclusion scenario to discuss within the body of your paper. Reflect on lessons learned in this class about technology, privacy concerns, and legal and ethical issues and address each of these concepts in the paper. Consider the consequences of such a scenario. Do not limit your review of the literature to the nursing discipline only because other health professionals are using the technology, and you may need to apply critical thinking skills to its applications in this scenario. Use Microsoft Word and APA formatting. Consult your copy of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, as well as the resources in Doc Sharing if you have questions (e.g., margin size, font type and size (point), use of third person, etc.). Take advantage of the writing service SmartThinking, which is accessed by clicking on the link called the Tutor Source, found under the Course Home area. The length of the paper should be four to five pages, excluding the title page and the reference page. Limit the references to a few key sources (minimum of three required). The paper will contain an introduction that catches the attention of the reader, states the purpose of the paper, and provides a narrative outline of what will follow (i.e., the assignment criteria). In the body of the paper, discuss the scenario in relation to HIPAA, legal, and other regulatory requirements that apply to the scenario and the ending you chose. Demonstrate support from sources of evidence (references) included as in?text citations. Choose and identify one of the possible endings provided for the scenario, and construct your paper based on its implications to the scenario. Make recommendations about what should have been done and what could be done to correct or mitigate the problems caused by the scenario and the ending you chose. Demonstrate support from sources of evidence (references) included as in?text citations. Present the advantages and disadvantages of informatics relating to your scenario and describe professional and ethical principles appropriate to your chosen ending. Use facts from supporting sources of evidence, which must be included as in?text citations. The paper’s conclusion should summarize what you learned and make reflections about them to your practice. Use the “Directions and Assignment Criteria” and “Grading Rubric” below to guide your writing and ensure that all components are complete. Review the section on Academic Honesty found in the Chamberlain Course Policies. All work must be original (in your own words). Papers will automatically be submitted to TurnItIn when submitted to the Dropbox. NR360_RUA_We_Can_But_Dare_We_Guidelines Revised: July 2020 1 NR360 Information Systems in Healthcare RUA: We Can, But Dare We? Guidelines • Submit the completed paper to the “We Can But Dare We?” Dropbox by the end of Week 3. Please refer to the Syllabus for due dates for this assignment. For online students, please post questions about this assignment to the weekly Q & A Forums so that the entire class may view the answers. Preparing the assignment Background Healthcare is readily embracing any technology to improve patient outcomes, streamline operations, and lower costs, but we must also consider the impact of such technology on privacy and patient care. Your faculty member will provide a scenario for you to address in your paper. Choose an ending to the scenario, and construct your paper based on those reflections. Choose one of the following outcomes: 1. A HIPAA violation occurs, and client data is exposed to the media. 2. A medication error has harmed a client. 3. A technology downtime that impacts patient care occurs, and an error is made. 4. A ransomware attack has occurred, and the organization must contemplate paying the ransom or lose access to patient data. Follow these guidelines when completing this assignment. Speak with your faculty member if you have questions. Include the following sections: a. Introduction - 40 points/17% • Catches attention of the reader • States purpose of the paper • Provides a narrative outline of the paper (i.e., the assignment criteria) b. HIPAA, Legal, and Regulatory Discussion - 40 points/17% • Presents evidence from recent scholarly publications to address the impact of technology on nursing care related to: • Patient privacy and HIPAA standards • Healthcare regulations • Legal guidelines on appropriate use of technology c. Scenario Ending and Recommendations - 50 points/21% • Selects and presents one scenario ending as the focus of the assignment. • Evaluates the actions taken by healthcare providers as the situation evolved. • Recommends actions that could have been taken to mitigate the circumstances presented in the selected scenario ending. • Supports recommendations with evidence from recent scholarly publications. d. Advantages and Disadvantages - 50 points/21% • Presents evidence from recent scholarly publications to address the impact of technology on nursing care related to: • The advantages of appropriately using technology in healthcare • Risks of technology use in healthcare • Describes professional and ethical principles guiding the appropriate use of technology in healthcare. e. Conclusion and Reflections - 30 points/12% • Summarizes what new information was learned by completing this assignment. • Reflects on how this new knowledge will impact future behavior as a healthcare professional. f. Scholarly Writing and APA Format - 30 points/12% 2 NR360_RUA_We_Can_But_Dare_We_Guidelines Revised: July 2020 2 NR360 Information Systems in Healthcare RUA: We Can, But Dare We? Guidelines • Paper submitted as a Microsoft Word document. • Adheres to current APA formatting guidelines including proper use of: • Title page • Running head • Page numbers • Length is 4-5 pages, excluding title and reference pages. • Includes at least three (3) references that are: • From recent (within the last 5 years) scholarly sources • Cited in text appropriately • Included on an APA formatted reference page • Scholarly writing reflects: • Accurate spelling • Correct use of professional grammar • Logical organization of thoughts (mechanics) For writing assistance (APA, formatting, or grammar), visit the APA Citation and Writing page in the online library. Please note that your instructor may provide you with additional assessments in any form to determine that you fully understand the concepts learned in the review module. 3 NR360_RUA_We_Can_But_Dare_We_Guidelines Revised: July 2020 3 NR360 Information Systems in Healthcare RUA: We Can, But Dare We? Guidelines Grading Rubric Criteria are met when the student’s application of knowledge demonstrates achievement of the outcomes for this assignment. Assignment Section and Required Criteria (Points possible/% of total points available) Introduction (40 points/17%) • • • Required criteria Catches attention of the reader. States purpose of the paper. Provides a narrative outline of the paper (i.e., the assignment criteria). HIPAA, Legal, and Regulatory Discussion (40 points/17%) Highest Level of Performance High Level of Performance Satisfactory Level of Performance Unsatisfactory Level of Performance Section not present in paper 40 points 36 points 32 points 15 points 0 points Includes no less than 1 requirement for section. Present, yet includes no required criteria. No requirements for this section presented. 32 points 15 points 0 points Present, yet includes no required criteria. No requirements for this section presented. 19 points 0 points Meets all requirements for section. 40 points Meets all Required criteria Presents evidence from recent scholarly publications requirements for to address the impact of technology on nursing care section. related to: • Patient privacy and HIPAA standards • Healthcare regulations • Legal guidelines on appropriate use of technology Scenario Ending and Recommendations (50 points/21%) • • • 50 points Meets all Required criteria Selects and presents one scenario ending as the requirements for section. focus of the assignment. Evaluates the actions taken by healthcare providers as the situation evolved. Recommends actions that could have been taken to mitigate the circumstances presented in the selected scenario ending. NR360_RUA_We_Can_But_Dare_We_Guidelines Revised: July 2020 Includes no fewer than 2 requirements for section. 36 points Includes no fewer than 2 requirements for section. 46 points Includes no fewer than 3 requirements for section. Includes no fewer than 1 requirement for section. 42 points Includes 1-2 requirements for section. Section present yet includes no required criteria. 4 No requirements for this section presented. NR360 Information Systems in Healthcare RUA: We Can, But Dare We? Guidelines Assignment Section and Required Criteria (Points possible/% of total points available) • Highest Level of Performance • • • 50 points Meets all requirements for section. Required criteria Presents evidence from recent scholarly publications to address the impact of technology on nursing care. Evidence includes the advantages of appropriately using technology in healthcare. Evidence includes risks of inappropriately using technology in healthcare. Describes professional and ethical principles guiding the appropriate use of technology in healthcare. Conclusion and Reflections (30 points/12%) • • • Unsatisfactory Level of Performance Section not present in paper 42 points 19 points 0 points Required criteria Paper submitted as a Microsoft Word document. Adheres to current APA formatting guidelines including proper use of: NR360_RUA_We_Can_But_Dare_We_Guidelines Includes no fewer than 3 requirements for section. 30 points 30 points Meets all requirements for section. Revised: July 2020 Includes 1-2 requirements for section. 15 points Meets all requirements for section. Required criteria Summarizes new information learned by completing this assignment. Reflects on how this new knowledge will impact future behavior as a healthcare professional. Scholarly Writing and APA Format (30 points/12%) • Satisfactory Level of Performance Supports recommendations with evidence from recent scholarly publications. Advantages and Disadvantages (50 points/21%) • High Level of Performance 9 points Includes no fewer than 4 fully met requirements for section. 0 points Includes 1 requirement for section. 8 points Includes no fewer than 3 fully met requirements for section. No requirements for this section presented. 4 points No requirements for this section presented. 0 points Includes 1-2 No requirements for requirements fully this section met requirements for presented. section. 5 NR360 Information Systems in Healthcare RUA: We Can, But Dare We? Guidelines Assignment Section and Required Criteria (Points possible/% of total points available) • • • Highest Level of Performance High Level of Performance Satisfactory Level of Performance Unsatisfactory Level of Performance o Title page o Running head o Page numbers Length is 4-5 pages, excluding title and reference pages. Includes at least three (3) references that are: o From recent (within the last 5 years) scholarly sources o Cited in text appropriately o Included on an APA formatted reference page Scholarly writing reflects: o Accurate spelling o Correct use of professional grammar o Logical organization of thoughts (mechanics) Total Points Possible = 240 points NR360_RUA_We_Can_But_Dare_We_Guidelines Revised: July 2020 6 Section not present in paper
Expert Solution
Information Systems in Healthcare
Introduction
Information systems in healthcare are the systems that are intended to ensure that the healthcare data in the hospital is effectively managed. The information systems contain a significant number of tools involved in various information-related processes like collecting, storing, managing, and conveying the electronic medical records of patients (Owusu Kwateng et al., 2021). These systems are a vital part of healthcare because of the role they play in helping optimize patient care, reducing costs, enhancing the efficiency of hospital operations, and facilitating decision making, among other benefits. These benefits have caused a significant increase in the rate at which healthcare organizations worldwide have adopted technology in their systems and processes. Unfortunately, using these technologies also exposes healthcare organizations to the risk of suffering negative outcomes from possible downtime if they do not take the right measures to ensure that the negative impacts would not be adverse if they happened. This paper seeks to provide the findings of an investigation into informatics in healthcare and apply legal, ethical, and professional principles to its appropriate use in healthcare technology. Various aspects of this paper will be based on the scenario where a medical center that I am working with during the pandemic is facing challenges.
HIPAA, Legal, and Regulatory Discussion
Patient privacy and HIPAA standards
The use of technology in healthcare has played a significant role in improving the various processes involved and enhancing care outcomes. For instance, it has created a way to easily access patient information in the Electronic Health Records in hospitals. It has also facilitated easy communication between patients and healthcare providers using mobile phones or computers, which is telehealth. However, this has also increased the risk of information breaches because some devices like cell phones can be easily hacked, especially when communicating via text messages (Drolet et al., 2017). The HIPAA standards require healthcare organizations to take the right measures to ensure that sensitive information about a patient's health is not disclosed to a third patient without the patient's consent (Edemekong et al., 2021). Although the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 security standards does not prohibit text messaging when communicating with patients, physicians must take the right measures to avoid information breach, including using secure means of communicating patient information. This means that healthcare organizations have to ensure that they engage in the best practices to achieve that.
Healthcare regulations
The 2009 Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act plays a significant role in ensuring that the technologies adopted in healthcare are useful and effective in meeting the desired outcomes of care. When it comes to information systems in healthcare, the Act gives power to the Federal Health and Human Services (HHS) Department to promote information technology use in healthcare. This means that the HHS ensures that the various technologies are safe, quality, and secure, including security when exchanging health information about patients. Therefore, the HHS ensures that the privacy of patient data is given the attention it deserves in the various healthcare organizations. Information by HHS (2021) indicates that HIPAA made several announcements concerning COVID-19, including how to use and disclose information on the health of patients.
Legal guidelines
The HIPAA standards about compliance when using technology in healthcare indicate that companies that use protected patient information must have process, physical, and network security measures and appropriately follow them to ensure that they remain in compliance with the set regulations (Bell, 2018). Healthcare organizations are obligated to ensure the integrity and safety of patient health information and protect against threats and unauthorized use that are reasonably anticipated.
Scenario Ending and Recommendations
In the scenario where a medical center that I am working with during the pandemic is facing challenges related to the information systems in the organization. The medical center has been hit with a ransomware attack with the attackers asking for a huge sum of money or have the organization lose patient information. The organization is receiving blackmail from the hackers who are putting the patients' confidential health information at risk of further exposure to the public or maybe completely lost. This places the organization at a huge risk of facing numerous lawsuits from patients if they lose that information. As the situation evolved, the healthcare providers reverted to manual procedures in managing information to ensure that the processes in the medical center continued normally. These measures were established at that time for purposes of unexpected disruptions of the normal functioning of the information systems. However, it became challenging to obtain information on patients who were continuing treatment because the medical center had not stored any information manually since the adoption of EHR. This was not a smart decision, given that there is no guarantee that paying the ransom will get the hackers to give back all the information they have. While technology made things easier with patient data sharing and storage, the medical center should have considered the risks of using technology and adopted alternative measures as a backup in case of situations like this.
There are several actions that the medical center could have taken to mitigate the outcome arrived at in this case. While adopting technology use made things easier and more effective, the medical center should have maintained the manual system as a continual backup method by using both systems simultaneously (Thamer & Alubady, 2021. With this, they would not have to worry about losing the information. With a high amount of patient data getting store on the cloud during the pandemic, the medical center should have anticipated the risk that comes with it and takes the necessary measures to ensure that patient data is not lost. They should have adopted complex encryption algorithms and constant monitoring to ensure that any abnormal activity is detected and stopped. According to Humayun et al. (2021), constantly revising the annual cyber security plans and implementing a resilience and recovery plan is a significant way healthcare organization can protect themselves from attacks by Ransomware.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages of the appropriate use of technology in healthcare
The appropriate use of technology comes with several advantages. It facilitates the delivery of quality care through evidence-based practices using the evidence generated using technology (Sharma et al., 2018). The various medical devices like the wireless brain sensor, insulin pump, pulse oximeters, and many other devices were invented to make work easier and facilitate quality and safe care because of their low risk of errors when appropriately used. Some technological equipment saves human life because of its ability to undertake procedures that are complex. Using technology appropriately helps facilitate effective communication and effectiveness in the various procedures, including safe data retrieval, storage, and sharing, contributing to positive care outcomes. If appropriately used, technology also facilitates accurate decision making promoting professional growth and development while achieving patient satisfaction in the various processes in healthcare.
Risks of inappropriate use of technology
The use of technology in healthcare also comes with a significant number of risks, especially when not used as appropriate. There is an ethical risk of using technology threatening both the safety and privacy of the patient (Rigby, 2019). The safety of patients can be threatened when a technological device malfunctions in the course of care provided during a procedure like surgery. The devices are also risky, especially when a device shows the wrong results when testing for certain conditions. There is the risk of getting hacked because technological devices are prone to cybercriminals trying to get access risking exposure of sensitive patient information. There is a risk of errors when administering medication to patients, especially when using the infusion pumps. Radiation therapy exposes the patients to the risk of damaging body cells and organs. When inappropriately used technology can cause loss of life in worst cases, and one may lose their practice as a result.
Conclusion and Reflections
Informatics in healthcare has played a significant role in the advancement of healthcare in delivering quality, safe and timely care while protecting patients' privacy rights. Information systems are critical because any breach of the HIPAA standards and other laws protecting patient information could have adverse ethical and legal consequences for healthcare organizations. The findings of this paper, as discussed above, enhance my knowledge on how bad it can become when a healthcare provider fails to effectively protect the privacy of patient data. The consequences suffered by the medical center I have been working for have been a lesson for me to ensure that in my future practice, I will take every possible measure to ensure that the privacy of information belonging to my patients is protected.
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