1) According to the article, what is the interesting observation or question that motivates the investigation? (In a journal article this is usually found in the first or second paragraph

1) According to the article, what is the interesting observation or question that motivates the investigation? (In a journal article this is usually found in the first or second paragraph. If it is not stated explicitly, what do you think it is? Give a non-technical explanation, like you were explaining it to a family member who does not study psychology.)
2) On the basis of the reviewed literature, what reasons do the authors give for why their study needs to be done? (This will usually come towards the end of the introduction. If it is not stated explicitly, what implicit reasoning have the authors provided?)
3) State the hypothesis or hypotheses of the research in terms of the IV(s) and DV(s). (e.g., the reaction time will be shorter for participants in the blue group than the purple group.)
4) Fill in the details of the following methodological elements and explain the reasons why the authors chose each one. (If the reason is not stated explicitly, what implicit reasoning have the authors provided?)