University of Illinois, Chicago NURS 531 Chapter 12: Chemical mediators and the autonomic nervous system MULTIPLE CHOICE 1)The release of acetylcholine from cholinergic nerve terminals is stimulated by   nitric oxide norepinephrine acetylcholine prostaglandins endothelin     Co-transmitters released from postganglionic sympathetic neurons include   acetylcholine vasoactive intestinal peptide nitric oxide adenosine triphosphate gamma-aminobutyric acid     Constriction of bronchi is typically produced by activation of   adrenergic beta-1 receptors adrenergic beta-2 receptors muscarinic M1 receptors muscarinic M2 receptors muscarinic M3 receptors     Activation of adrenergic beta-2 receptors produces   contraction of the iris sphincter muscle relaxation of the iris sphincter muscle relaxation of the ciliary muscle contraction of the ciliary muscle lacrimal gland secretion     The enteric nervous system is primarily concerned with the regulation of   the urinary tract gastrointestinal motility male sex organs respiration vascular smooth muscle     The co-transmitter known as neuropeptide Y enhances the   vasodilative effect of acetylcholine vasodilative effect of nitric oxide vasodilative effect of dopamine vasoconstrictive effect of norepinephrine vasoconstrictive effect of endothelin     The final step in the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic neurons is   docking loading diffusion synthesis exocytosis     In the parasympathetic nervous system, neurotransmitter action is terminated by   diffusion from the synapse active reuptake into presynaptic nerves inactivation by inhibitors enzymatic degradation endocytosis     The enteric nervous system   receives input only from the sympathetic nervous system receives input only from the parasympathetic nervous system releases several peptide neurotransmitters and nitric oxide cannot function without the central nervous system has cell bodies lying in plexuses outside the intestinal wall