Homework answers / question archive / Carleton University ERTH 2415 QUIZ 3: 1)The internal geomagnetic field is generated by the movement of liquid iron in the Earth’s outer core a)            True b)            False   2

Carleton University ERTH 2415 QUIZ 3: 1)The internal geomagnetic field is generated by the movement of liquid iron in the Earth’s outer core a)            True b)            False   2

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Carleton University

ERTH 2415

QUIZ 3:

1)The internal geomagnetic field is generated by the movement of liquid iron in the Earth’s outer core

a)            True

b)            False

 

2.            In the textbook, go to Ch.14 (middle of pg. 511). In August 1989, the Toronto Stock Exchange halted trading for about 24 hours when particles disrupted the charge on a few microchips

a)            True b) False

 

3.            In the Textbook, Ch.14 (top of pg.511). In 1660, the sun had an usually high number of sunspots.

a)            True b) False

 

4.            The planetary and Space science centre (PASSC) is a Canadian research facility affiliated with the University of NB. The facility researches impact cratering on Earth and maintains an Earth impact database.

Find the Montagnais impact crater located in Nova Scotia, Canada. You may search for this crater via the map or by the list.

 

The Montagnais crater is exposed at the surface

a)            True b) False

 

5.            In the textbook, go to Chapter 14 Hazards from Space > L06 Earth’s Magnetic Field (p513, navigating by page number may not work). Review In Greater Depth: Earth’s Magnetic Field in the text (p422). During a reversal, the magnetic field strength is reduced to about 10% of normal.

a)            True

b)            False

 

6.            Meteoroids are classified according to their source, regardless of their size,

a)            True b) False

 

7.            Go to planetary and space science centre Earth impact database. The Haughton impact crater is the Northern most impact crater in Canada. It is located in the NWT, has a diameter of 23km and is 39Ma.

a)            True b) False

 

8.            The Eau Claire crater is known as a double-impact site where two bodies closely bound by gravity impacted the Earth. The impact sites are circular with islands now forming in the crater from central uplift

a)            True

b)            False

 

 

9.            Craters are not found in the Rockies because this region has high geomagnetism that shields the region.

a)            True b) False

 

10.          Natural Resources Canada is responsible for monitoring space weather in Canada. Go to the Table of Contents > Geomagnetic storms. There are three zones of geomagnetic activity in Canada. The highest geomagnetic activity and greatest disturbances are observed in the auroral zone.

a)            True

b)            False

 

11.          The University of Purdue maintains an impact simulator where a user can specify the properties of an impactor and see the effects when it hits the earth. You can also simulate historical impact events. On the Impact Earth website, we will simulate the impact of asteroid 2012 DA14. This asteroid is approximately half the size of a football field and flew extremely close

to the Earth in February 2013.

 

On the Impact Earth website, set the following asteroid properties: diameter = 30 m; density = 3000 kg/m3; impact velocity = 20 km/s, impact angle = 45 degrees. Assume it hits sedimentary rock and you are 100km away.

 

From the results, the energy of the asteroid before entry was 2.03 MegaTons (TNT), the projectile would break up and no crater would be formed, and the air blast would hit you after 5.11 minutes

a)            True

b)            False

12.          A mass movement can occur in all 3 types of rocks but most often in sedimentary

a)            True

b)            False

 

13.          As the coefficient of friction increases, the stability of a rock material becomes less stable and more prone to movement

a)            True b) False

 

14.          In the textbook, go to Chapter 13 Mass Movements and Snow Avalanches (p418).

Closure of the Trans-Canada Highway through mountain passes results in economic losses of $2 Million per hour.

a)            True b) False

 

15.          In the textbook, go to Chapter 13 Mass Movements and Snow Avalanches > Snow Avalanches > In Greater Depth: The Sea to Sky Corridor (p463)

 

On average, Highway 99 is closed once a year when heavy rain near the mountain summits runs off into torrents carrying a heavy load of detritus and sediment.

a)            True

b)            False

 

16.          Go to the Space weather website. Identify the FALSE statement:

a)            It can take 1-3 days for particles ejected from a storm to reach the Earth.

b)            A reversal of the magnetic field takes a few thousand years to complete.

c)            We are able to detect solar storms quickly. Within the range of minutes to hours.

d)            Space weather cannot result in a loss of cable television service.

 

17.          Go to the Space weather website. Identify the FALSE statement:

a)            Aurora borealis and aurora australis occurs when mass ejections from the sun get trapped by the Earth’s magnetic field.

b)            The X-rays and gamma rays reach the Earth in about 8-minutes.

c)            Disturbances in the ionosphere can decrease the precision of locations determined by GPS.

d)            The strength of the geomagnetic storm is dependent on the size of the coronal mass ejection only.

 

 

18.          In the textbook. Ch 14 (pg. 513. Identify the FALSE statement:

a)            During a reversal of the Earth’s magnetic field, magnetic lines of force become twisted and tangled. Super computers identify multiple “north” and “south” poles when simulating this event.

b)            In the Earth’s magnetic field, the magnetic lines of force are       perpendicular at the magnetic equator and parallel at the magnetic

   poles.

c)            Magnetism in rock is destroyed at temperatures above 550C.

d)            The magnetic pole and the rotational pole do not coincide.

 

19.          Craters are often found by aerial photos. But gravity surveys are also quite valuable. Which of the following statements regarding gravity surveys is FALSE?

 

a)            Gravity data can be used to reconstruct the terrain at the time of the impact.

b)            High gravity readings correlate to denser rock.

c)            Impact craters typically correspond to high gravity anomalies.

d)            A gravity survey can still be detect a crater underneath a lake.

 

 

20.          The Holleford crater located in Holleford, ON has a diameter of 2.35 km. Based on the crater diameter, what is the impactor diameter?

a)            approximately 118 metres

b)            approximately 1.2 kilometres

c)            approximately 4.7 kilometres

d)            approximately 47 kilometres

 

21.          Go to the impact earth website.We will simulate the famous Chicxulub impact event associated with the extinction of the dinosaurs. Go to Famous craters > select calculate impact effects for the Chicxulub, Mexico meteorite. Assume you are 300 km away.

Identify the FALSE statement:

a)            Up to 90% of the trees will be blown down and the remainder stripped of branches and leaves.

b)            The ejecta consists only of fine dust.

c)            A tsunami is generated with an amplitude between 27.2m and 54.4m.

d)            The largest earthquake in recorded history would be observed.

 

22.          Canada’s largest and oldest impact crater in Sudbury, Ontario exhibits an elliptical structure rather than a circular one. The reason for this is that:

a)            The impact angle was almost parallel to the Earth’s surface, resulting in the meteor dragging along the ground.

b)            It was originally circular, but was deformed by regional fault motion.

c)            The meteor had an elliptical cross-section.

d)            Erosion has distorted its shape over the last billion years.

 

23.          In the textbook, Ch.14 (top of pg. 500). Identify the FALSE statement:

a)            The amount of iridium in the clay layer at the K/Pg boundary is 300 times greater than normal abundance.

 b) The impact structure was measured by gravity measurements and   

                found to have a raised inner ring 80 km in diameter and an outer ring    

                about 195 km in diameter.

c)            Quartz grains at the K/Pg boundary show shocked crystal structures, indicating a short and violent impact. Shocked quartz has been found only in association with impacts.

d)            Following the impact of the K/Pg asteroid, wintry conditions would have been present for several months as the airborne dust and soot blocked much incoming sunlight followed by a greenhouse warming effect for several years.

 

 

24.          The type of pattern illustrated in the above figure is: Select one:

a)            Shock wave

b)            Cross-hatch pattern

c)            Shattercones

d)            Micro-fault

 

25.          Identify the FALSE statement: Select one:

a)            An asteroid is an impactor larger than 100 m in diameter

b)            A shooting star of 1m diameter has a return period of 1 year.

c)            From 1900 to 2013, the top ten closest observed asteroid encounters are all Apollo type except for one Aten type asteroid.

d)            An asteroid associated with the K/Pg boundary has an average return period of 100, 000, 000 years.

 

26.          In the textbook. Ch.13 (p.431), Identify the FALSE statement: Select one:

a)            Following the 1841 rockfall, the federal government bought and demolished several houses.

b)            In 1889, after 12 hours of rain, a major rockfall occurred metres from the 1841 site.

c)            A publication by M.C. Baillarge in 1893, is still referenced today.

d)            Today, it is the responsibility of Quebec City to ensure the proper           

 

                each house.

 

27.          Certain regions are prone to landslides to the extent that the government will provide home owners guides. Review the information provided in this guide. Identify the FALSE statement:

Select one:

a)            1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.3 lbs. The added weight increases the downward force on a slope.

b)            A few inches of slope movement can destroy a home.

c)            A living tree has roots that strengthen slopes. Even after cut, the roots 

                can maintain their strength over 8 years.

d)            Uneven terrain, cracks in the soil, and leaking or broken pipes are a sign of landslide activity.

 

28.          Review the Home owners guide to landslides.

You are visiting a friend who owns a cottage in Washington state. During your visit, you notice an issue with respect to landslides and warn your friend. The warning is with respect to:

Select one:

a)            Your friend has native plants (shrubs and groundcover) on slopes.

 

b)            Your friend is routing rain water towards steep slopes.

c)            Your friend has a driveway on a mild slope.

d)            Your friend has placed soil on flat ground beside his house.

 

 

29.          Review the Home Owners Guide to landslides

You are visiting a friend who owns a cottage in Washington. During your visit you notice an issue in their cottage with respect to landslides. Your warning is:

Select one:

a)            You notice a light switch does not work.

b)            You notice dry, worn down beams.

c)            You notice paint peeling in the upstairs ceiling. d) You notice water damage in the basement walls.

 

 

30.          In the textbook, go to Ch 13 Mass movements and Snow Avalanches. Identify the FALSE statement:

Select one:

a)            Go to Section “Classification of Mass Movements” (top of p428) and      

                review Figure 13.12. A mudflow occurs in dry soil and occurs rapidly        

                (meters / minute)

b)            Go to Section “Slides” and review Figure 13.23. A few homes slid during the Saint-Jean-Vianney lateral spread and a few of them remained structurally intact.

c)            Go to Section “Complex Events” and review the 1903 Frank Slide, Alberta event (top of p443). The rock slide is not considered as due to a single cause.

d)            Go to Section “Subsidence” (p447). Dissolution is responsible for the honeycomb texture in the Palisser formation at Canmore, Alberta.