University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley - CLSC 2429 Chapter 3 Study Guide 1)Was instrumental in the development of the Gram staining technique? Which two lenses are on a light microscope and how do they magnify an object? What is the resolving power of a microscope and it depends on what What are the characteristics of the following types of microscopes: Phase contrast microscope, Differential interference contrast microscope, Dark-field microscope, Fluorescence microscope, Atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope?   Basic dyes & acidic dyes have what charges and which area of the cell do they stain and why? ATP synthesis takes place where in prokaryotes & eukaryotes cells? Give the correct staining order of the Gram, acid-fast, endospore and capsule stains? What are an Efflux pump and a Signal sequence? Prokaryotes assume what basic morphologic shapes? What is the basic structure of the cytoplasmic membrane & why is it a fluid mosaic model? What is the function of the cytoplasmic membrane in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes? What is the macromolecule that makes all prokaryotic cells to be rigid? How is facilitated diffusion (transport) similar and different from simple diffusion? What is another name for cell wall and how it is different in gram (+) and gram (-) organisms

University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley - CLSC 2429

Chapter 3 Study Guide

1)Was instrumental in the development of the Gram staining technique?

2. Which two lenses are on a light microscope and how do they magnify an object?
3. What is the resolving power of a microscope and it depends on what
4. What are the characteristics of the following types of microscopes: Phase contrast microscope, Differential interference contrast microscope, Dark-field microscope, Fluorescence microscope, Atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope?

5. Basic dyes & acidic dyes have what charges and which area of the cell do they stain and why?
6. ATP synthesis takes place where in prokaryotes & eukaryotes cells?
7. Give the correct staining order of the Gram, acid-fast, endospore and capsule stains?
8. What are an Efflux pump and a Signal sequence?
9. Prokaryotes assume what basic morphologic shapes?
10. What is the basic structure of the cytoplasmic membrane & why is it a fluid mosaic model?
11. What is the function of the cytoplasmic membrane in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
12. What is the macromolecule that makes all prokaryotic cells to be rigid?
13. How is facilitated diffusion (transport) similar and different from simple diffusion?
14. What is another name for cell wall and how it is different in gram (+) and gram (-) organisms.

15. How is the outer membrane different from the cytoplasmic membrane& why is it important to gram (-) organisms?

16. Teichoic acid is either compose of what; where are they found & what is their function?

17. What transport system move molecules against a concentration gradient and which transport system chemically modify molecules as they pass through the cytoplasmic membrane?

18. Penicillin and lysozyme are most effective against which molecule and how?
19. What is the electrochemical gradient& how is it form?

20. Glycan chain, tetrapeptide chain & peptide interbridge are components of what molecules?

21. Which bacteria lack a cell wall?
22. Describe the following: capsule, slime layer, celia, flagella, pili, fimbrae.

23. What is the difference between flagella in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?

24. Define: phagocytosis, cytoskeleton, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, budding and golgi apparatus.

25. Why is oil used on the 100x?

26. Drugs that target prokaryotic protein synthesis would have no effect on eukaryotic protein synthesis.

27. Endospores are involved in bacterial reproduction?

28. The cytoskeleton constitutes what; Name its components?
29. The RER is involved in the synthesis of what? While the SER is involved in the synthesis of what?
30. What are flagella, pili, cilia and what cilia very important in the lungs, digestive and fallopian tubes?
31. What is chemotaxis, aerotasis, thermotaxis, phototaxis, magnetotaxis?

32. How many chromosomes are in prokaryotes and how many are in eukaryotes?
33. What is an endosome, an endolysome, a phagosome, a phagolysosome and exocytosis?
34. What are actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments; what do they do

in which types of cells?

35. What is the major difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?
36. Prokaryotic cells divide by which means?
37. The tetrapeptide chain is always connected where on the glycan chain?
38. How do small molecules and ions pass throough the outter membrane of Gram Negative organisms?