Louisiana State University - HIST 2055

Chapter 21 The Emergence of Urban America

TRUE/FALSE

1)By 1920, more than half the U.S. population was urban.

2. The spread of mass transit was a major factor in the growth of the suburbs.

3. Most Asian immigrants entered the United States at Charleston, South Carolina, rather than at Ellis Is- land.

4. Tenement housing gave city dwellers substantially healthier and more comfortable living conditions.

5. One major task in big cities was disposing of horse waste.

6. As late as 1900, most New York City residents were still native-born Americans.

7. The peak decade of immigration was the 1890s.

8. Padrones were hiring agents who secured jobs for immigrants in return for a share of their wages.

9. In major cities, politics was often a form of public entertainment.

10. Saloons were the poor man’s social clubs during the late nineteenth century.

11. Major league baseball, integrated in the 1880s, was the first professional sport to treat blacks and whites equally (at least on the field).

12. The modern American graduate school is based on the model of German universities.

13. Local colorists expressed the nostalgia of an urbanizing and industrializing people.

14. Jane Addams was the leading female novelist of the late nineteenth century.

15. Elizabeth Cady Stanton argued that Susan B. Anthony’s push for voting rights was “biologically and morally misguided.”

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Most of the people who moved to the Pacific coast and elsewhere in the American West lived:
   1. in log cabins
   2. above one mile in elevation
   3. in single-family homes
   4. in urban areas
   5. in America briefly before returning to Europe

2. Chicago’s Hull House was designed to assist:
   1. abused wives
   2. alcoholics and drug addicts
   3. slum dwellers
   4. unwed mothers
   5. orphaned children

3. Urban political bosses:
   1. actually went to Europe to recruit “padrones”
   2. brought efficient, scandal-free government to America’s growing cities
   3. tended to scorn immigrants in the cities
   4. almost always came from Italy or Greece
   5. often were the biggest source of assistance for city dwellers

4. After 1890, most immigrants were:
   1. from northern and western Europe
   2. Jews and Catholics
   3. of Teutonic and Celtic origin
   4. from Mexico
   5. members of the professional class

5. Ellis Island:
   1. was opened in 1878
   2. averaged 15,000 immigrants a day in 1907
   3. closed because of the corruption there in 1920
   4. was named for Jon Ellis, designer of the Statue of Liberty
   5. was used mainly to process new immigrants, not to comfort or assist them

6. The American Protective Association:
   1. was a group of pharmaceutical companies that began a sanitation campaign in New York City
   2. was mainly an anti-Semitic organization
   3. was strongest in the upper Mississippi Valley
   4. campaigned for a stronger navy
   5. consisted almost entirely of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe

7. The exclusion of Chinese immigrants:
   1. came only after the exclusion of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe
   2. came only after the exclusion of immigrants from northern and western Europe
   3. was opposed by white workers in the Far West
   4. was supported by President Chester Arthur
   5. originally called for a ten-year term

8. The Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890:
   1. restricted Chinese immigration
   2. placed severe quotas on “new immigrants” from Europe
   3. established vocational schools aimed at giving job skills to immigrants
   4. established and funded land-grant colleges
   5. said that interstate trade of alcohol was illegal

9. With the move of American cities toward regular trash-collection services, by 1900 what percentage of cities provided this service?
   1. 90 percent
   2. 80 percent
   3. 94 percent
   4. 50 percent
   5. 13 percent

10. Women’s access to higher education:
    1. only existed in graduate schools in Boston and Baltimore until the 1870s
    2. was practically nonexistent until the 1920s
    3. was resisted most strongly by state universities in the West

1. 4. came slowest in the South and at the oldest colleges in the East
   5. was impossible until Vassar’s founding in 1865

11. Herbert Spencer:
    1. coined the phrase “survival of the fittest”
    2. was the influential president of Harvard University
    3. invented the modern game of basketball
    4. was the first person to earn a Ph.D. from an American university
    5. co-wrote On the Origin of Species with Charles Darwin

12. A strict social Darwinist would object to all the following EXCEPT:
    1. the graduated income tax
    2. sanitation and housing regulations
    3. a governmental policy of “hands off” in regard to business
    4. regulation of medical quacks
    5. the idea that the law of God and the law of nature might be the same thing

13. William Graham Sumner:
    1. wrote “The Gospel of Wealth,” a social Darwinist justification for accumulated wealth
    2. was one of the most outspoken opponents of Darwinism in America
    3. argued in his book Folkways that social conditions were set by tradition or custom, not by reason or natural laws
    4. wrote System of Synthetic Knowledge
    5. preached that the law of God and the laws of nature were one and the same

14. The main idea of reform Darwinism was that:
    1. humans, made in the image of God, should not be included among the animals when dis- cussing Darwinism
    2. government should not interfere with business
    3. cooperation, not competition, would best promote progress
    4. man continued to evolve according to Darwin’s principles of natural selection
    5. for society to truly reform, any “imitation” of welfare must cease

15. After William James, the chief philosopher of pragmatism was:
    1. Sarah Orne Jewett
    2. Royce Carleton
    3. Henry George
    4. Thorstein Veblen
    5. John Dewey

16. An early leader of the social gospel movement was:
    1. Washington Gladden
    2. De Wit Talmadge
    3. Silas Lapham

1. 4. Henry Ward Beecher
   5. William Graham

17. The author of Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking was:
    1. William James
    2. Henry James
    3. Henry Adams
    4. Herbert Baxter Adams
    5. John Dewey

18. Between 1866 and 1888, as humans moved to the suburbs and became prosperous, they:
    1. established missions to preach and serve the inner-city poor
    2. came under the spell of philosophers like William James
    3. created private, conservative organizations, such as the YMCA and Salvation Army
    4. helped redefine pragmatism
    5. fell easily under the spell of respectability and do-nothing social Darwinism

19. Thorstein Veblen coined the phrase:
    1. “progress and poverty”
    2. “leisure diametrics”
    3. “conspicuous consumption”
    4. “weekend warrior”
    5. “white-collar worker”

20. Settlement house workers, insofar as they were paid, made up:
    1. but a fraction of all gainfully employed women
    2. the majority of all gainfully employed women
    3. fifty percent of all gainfully employed women
    4. all gainfully employed women
    5. all gainfully employed women in the big cities, such as Chicago

21. Stephen Crane and Jack London belonged to a literary movement called:
    1. naturalism
    2. romanticism
    3. local color
    4. socialist fiction
    5. pragmatism

22. The author of Sister Carrie was:
    1. Friedrich Nietzsche
    2. Henry James

1. 3. Carrie Meeber
   4. Mark Twain
   5. Theodore Dreiser

23. Progress and Poverty argued that:
    1. government assistance for the poor was wrong
    2. nobody had the right to the value that accrued from the land
    3. the “single-tax” idea was immoral and probably unconstitutional
    4. the Catholic Church was wrong in its views on modernization
    5. the contrast between rich and poor was a product of social Darwinism

24. Thorstein Veblen:
    1. defended the productive efficiency of big business against its critics
    2. wrote An American Tragedy
    3. argued that too many industrial experts were becoming business managers
    4. wrote The Theory of the Leisure Class
    5. wrote that the upper classes were rich because they used their time productively

25. The acknowledged intellectual leader of the social gospel movement in America was:
    1. Henry Adams
    2. John Carter
    3. Walter Rauschenbusch
    4. Calvin M. Woodward
    5. Russell Conwell

26. The phrase “liberty of contract” refers to:
    1. indentured servants
    2. the due process clause
    3. immigration
    4. union shops
    5. women’s suffrage

27. Which of the following statements best describes the status of women’s suffrage at the turn of the cen- tury?
    1. Women could vote in a few northeastern cities, but no state had adopted women’s suf- frage.
    2. Several states, all in the West, had adopted women’s suffrage.
    3. Women could generally vote in presidential and other national elections, but not in local or state elections.
    4. Women’s suffrage was confined to the South.
    5. Women could vote in any state that had approved the Nineteenth Amendment.

28. The National Consumers’ League:
    1. organized boycotts to lower food prices
    2. was secretly supported by several of the large retailers it allegedly tried to regulate
    3. sought to make the public aware of labor conditions
    4. promoted a laissez-faire approach to business
    5. sought to make the public aware of poor-quality beef, pork, and poultry

29. In 1869, the women’s movement split on the issue of:
    1. whether to grant suffrage to black as well as white women
    2. the role of women in the religious professions
    3. the political involvement of settlement houses in women’s rights
    4. whether or not the movement should concentrate on female suffrage to the exclusion of other feminist causes
    5. the role of men as activists in the women’s suffrage movement

30. The stance of the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century on liberty of contract could best be de- scribed as favorable toward:
    1. business
    2. union workers
    3. immigrant workers
    4. all workers
    5. the nonprofit sector

31. By 1900, all of the following technologies but               had helped transform mass transit.
    1. subways
    2. electric trolleys
    3. cable cars
    4. gasoline-powered buses
    5. elevated trains

32. Tenement houses in New York City:
    1. were cramped, yet offered more privacy than apartments
    2. were urban, yet their courtyards offered children a sense of nature
    3. had higher mortality rates than among the general population
    4. were clean
    5. usually had two to three families in each building

33. In 1890, New York City had twice as many Irish as:
    1. Limerick

34. Ellis Island was located right outside the port of:
    1. Boston
    2. San Francisco
    3. New York City
    4. Philadelphia
    5. Charleston

35. Vaudeville provided:
    1. variety shows for men, women, and children across classes
    2. silent movies accompanied by piano players
    3. bawdy entertainment for single male immigrants
    4. symphony concerts for elite audiences
    5. cheap entertainment for the urban poor who could not afford the traditional theater

36. Around 1900, saloons did all of the following EXCEPT:
    1. offer mail services
    2. provide public restrooms for poor people
    3. serve alcohol
    4. provide free lunches
    5. serve as a great place for immigrant men to meet women

37. The first professional baseball team was the:
    1. Boston Braves
    2. the Cincinnati Red Stockings
    3. Brooklyn Trolley Dodgers
    4. New York Yankees
    5. New York Knickerbockers

38. Samuel Clemens, a.k.a. Mark Twain:
    1. wrote The Red Badge of Courage based upon his Civil War experience
    2. was the first great writer from west of the Appalachians
    3. expressed his support for Spencer in The Innocents Abroad
    4. was a leading advocate of social Darwinism
    5. felt that America needed more “urban, thus urbane” fiction

39. Advocates of the social gospel:
    1. preached that rich men were blessed by God
    2. believed Christians should love their neighbors and address social problems

1. 3. insisted upon a literal interpretation of the Bible
   4. believed that individual salvation was a Christian’s greatest priority
   5. felt that the separation of church and state was evil

40. The first states to adopt women’s suffrage were:
    1. in the mountain west
    2. in the Northeast
    3. in the South
    4. in New England
    5. on the west coast

41. Lester Frank Ward’s version of reform Darwinism argued all of the following EXCEPT:
    1. people compete, but they also collaborate
    2. big government only hinders real progress in society
    3. government could help society progress by promoting education
    4. government could help society progress by eliminating poverty
    5. humanity can not control the process of evolution

42. Frederick Law Olmsted is most famous for designing:
    1. the “safety” bicycle
    2. an early skyscraper
    3. the modern comic book
    4. great urban parks in America
    5. the game of baseball

43. Between 1887 and 1897, the efforts by state and territorial governments to protect workers were thwarted by:
    1. the railroads
    2. by the workers themselves
    3. northern congressmen
    4. the unions
    5. pro-business conservative judges

44. In stopping new regulatory efforts by the states, the Supreme Court used a revised interpretation of the:
    1. Thirteenth Amendment
    2. Fourteenth Amendment
    3. Fifteenth Amendment
    4. Eighteenth Amendment
    5. Nineteenth Amendment

45. Who authored Dynamic Sociology?

1. 1. William James
   2. John Dewey
   3. William Jennings Bryan
   4. Lester Frank Ward
   5. Herbert Spencer

46. The spread of public education between the 1880s and 1900 reflected the desire:
    1. to stop the proliferation of religious (namely Catholic and Jewish) schools
    2. to Americanize immigrant children
    3. to educate former slaves
    4. to give southern children the broader context of a story about Republican ideology in the North
    5. of college administrators to have better-prepared students

47. Dr. James Naismith invented:
    1. checkers
    2. the cure for malaria
    3. the game of basketball
    4. the polio vaccine
    5. the quarantine system at Ellis Island

48. After the Civil War, the                   system became the basis for the modern American university.
    1. Oxford
    2. English
    3. Ivy League
    4. St. Andrews
    5. German

49. Cholera, typhoid, and yellow fever are all:
    1. water-related diseases
    2. air-related diseases
    3. sexually transmitted diseases
    4. food-related diseases
    5. genetic disorders

50. John Dewey’s “instrumentalism”:
    1. said that learning to play music literally made the brain grow larger
    2. said that the most important years for education came between sixth and ninth grades and led to the creation of “middle schools”
    3. claimed that vocational trades were absolutely necessary for Americans
    4. said that ideas were instruments for action
    5. argued that education for the masses was impossible in a polyglot society