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Homework answers / question archive / 1) Organizational design is defined as the sum of the ways a firm divides its labor into distinct tasks and then coordinates them

1) Organizational design is defined as the sum of the ways a firm divides its labor into distinct tasks and then coordinates them

Management

1) Organizational design is defined as the sum of the ways a firm divides its labor into distinct tasks and then coordinates them.

 

 

 

 

2) Organizational structuring is the process of assessing the organization's strategy and environmental demands and then determining the appropriate organizational design.

 

 

3) Organizational charts illustrate an organization's complete structure.

 

 

4) Companies in relatively stable and static environments can use rules effectively to achieve integration.

 

 

5) In conditions of high task uncertainty and interdependence, values are a better integrating mechanism than goals.

 

 

6) Formal organizations often widen a supervisor's span of control.

 

 

7) The appropriateness of a tall or flat organization is affected more by the internal environment than the external environment.

 

 

8) As a rule, formal organizations are highly centralized.

 

 

9) In a functional structure, the firm is organized around specific products (or services) or related sets of products (or services).

 

 

10) A product structure reduces the duplication of the firm's functional resources.

 

 

11) Multinational firms rarely employ a regional structure.

 

 

12) A matrix structure consists of two organization structures superimposed on each other.

 

 

13) In a low-networked structure, the quantity and magnitude of externally networked activities are limited.

 

14) Environmental dynamism is the breadth and depth of differences and similarities in an organization's external environment.

 

 

15) A major principle in the relationship between organizational strategy and structure is that the structure should complement and leverage the strategy.

 

 

16) Firms with high foreign sales and highly diverse product lines frequently use a matrix structure.

 

 

17) If a domestic organization opens an international division, then the products sold by this division typically have broad appeal and there are relatively few customer differences across countries.

 

 

18) Intensifying globalization has contributed to increased outsourcing; flatter, more flexible organizational structures; and increased integration.

 

 

19) A company is likely to use a "local approach" to doing business abroad if the benefits from location-specific differentiation and adaptation are significant and economies of scale are small.

 

 

20) Liaison roles are designed to enhance the information flows between two or more groups within an organization.

 

 

21) Organizational ________ illustrate relationships among an organization's units and lines of authority.

 

22) ________ is the the process of assessing an organization's strategy and environmental demands and then determining the appropriate organizational structures.

 

23) ________ is the sum of the ways an organization divides its labor into distinct tasks and then coordinates them.

 

24) When a firm decides to outsource its manufacturing operations, a ________ allows it to maintain close contact with the firms to which it is outsourcing the work.

 

25) The extent to which people in different units within an organization think about different things or about similar things differently is termed as ________.

 

26) ________ is the extent to which tasks are divided into subtasks and performed by specialists.

 

27) Which of the following is the best example of cognitive differentiation?

 

28) ________ is the extent to which various parts of organizations cooperate and interact.

 

29) ________ occurs when several groups, that are largely independent in their functions, collectively contribute to a common output.

 

30) ________ exists when two or more groups depend on one another for inputs.

 

31) ________ is the degree to which one unit, or one person, must use the work or resources of another unit or person to accomplish tasks.

 

 

32) ABC Corp. produces widgets. Timely delivery to XYZ Corp. is critical since the widgets are essential to the production of XYZ Corp.'s gadgets. This is an example of ________.

 

33) One of the driving forces behind the integration of tasks is ________.

 

34) A construction company orders windows from one division of a manufacturing company and roofing from another division of the same company. To meet this customer's overall needs, the manufacturing company should exercise ________ interdependence.

 

35) Generally, the more ________ that exists within the organization, the more useful ________ are as an integration mechanism.

 

36) As task uncertainty and interdependence increase, ________ are a more effective coordination mechanism than ________.

 

37) What sort of interdependence exists when two or more groups within a company depend upon one another for inputs?

 

38) A ________ is a person who is either formally or informally designated to coordinate the activities across units or even sometimes across organizations. The role of this person is to build effective relationships between the groups involved.

 

39) The degree to which an organization's new product-development team relies on the market research team for product ideas to investigate is termed as ________.

 

40) ________ occurs when the outputs of one group become the inputs of another group.

 

41) A manager in the promotion department of a record company would find it most difficult to use ________ for coordination and integration to implement concert cancellations due to weather, travel problems for the band, or any number of other unpredictable factors.

 

42) In the assembly line of an automobile manufacturer, the car engine is installed first. After this, the product is passed on to the next stage where it is fitted with the hood. The product then goes on to the third step in the process where the wheels are fitted. The above situation, where the finished product of one step becomes the raw material for the next, is an example of ________ interdependence.

 

43) Why are "values" an important coordinating mechanism in conditions of high task uncertainty and interdependence?

 

44) What is meant by the term unity of command?

 

 

45) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of formalization?

 

46) The ________ specifies the number of employees reporting to a given supervisor.

 

47) ________ consists of the official and defined structures and systems related to decision making, communication, and control in the organization.

 

48) A ________ span of control throughout an organization will lead to a ________ organization structure with multiple reporting layers.

 

49) ________ organizations tend to be slower at making decisions and responding to changes in the business environment. As a result, these organizations tend to be best suited to stable external environments.

 

50) Ken Langley is a production supervisor in an automobile manufacturing firm. After evaluating Ken's managerial capabilities, some members of the senior management feel that average productivity would improve if more workers are assigned to him. However, some managers are skeptical about Ken's ability to handle more workers. Which of the following statements, if true, would support the argument favoring increased span of control?

 

51) Ken Langley is a production supervisor in an automobile manufacturing firm. After evaluating Ken's managerial capabilities, some members of the senior management feel that average productivity would improve if more workers are assigned to him. However, some managers are skeptical about Ken's ability to handle more workers. Which of the following statements, if true, would weaken the argument favoring increased span of control?

 

52) A ________ is one that has multiple layers with significant vertical differentiation.

 

53) Because many organizational environments have become more dynamic, managers often respond by trying to "flatten" their organizational structures, often removing whole levels of hierarchy and people in the process. This process is often referred to as ________.

 

54) A narrow span of control is advisable when ________.

 

55) The ________ consists of the unofficial but influential means of communication, decision making, and control that are part of the habitual way things get done in an organization.

 

56) In which of the following organizations is decision-making authority pushed down to its lowest possible level?

 

57) Japanese multinational firms tend to operate as ________, announcing decisions from home offices to subsidiaries. European multinational operations tend to operate as ________, pushing decision-making authority to the lowest possible level.

 

58) The term bamboo ceiling refers to ________.

 

59) Pfizer, a pharmaceutical company, operates in over 40 countries around the world, and many of the larger-country units enjoy considerable freedom and autonomy. Thus, it can be said that Pfizer exemplifies a(n) ________ mode of decision making.

 

60) Japanese companies accomplish much of their decision making, communication, and control through informal, face-to-face meetings between people who do not have formal reporting relationships. This process is referred to as ________.  

 

61) Which of the following structural combinations best depicts the U.S. military?

 

62) A bank organizes itself around the basic services it provides: personal banking, corporate and business banking, and rural banking. Each service group has its own finance, marketing, operations, and human resource management departments. The bank is using a ________.

 

63) In a product structure, each product is treated as a ________; that is, the expenses related to a product are subtracted from the revenues generated by selling it.

 

64) Which of the following is true about functional structures?

 

65) Which of the following is a characteristic of a product structure?

 

66) In which of the following ways are product and customer structures similar?

 

67) Multinational firms usually use ________ structures when customer needs for a given product are similar throughout the international markets in which the firm participates.

 

68) A ________ facilitates the use of modular products, each of which is different but which contain some of the same parts. Thus, modular parts are produced and assembled in different ways to produce several different products.

 

69) Which of the following is true about a divisional structure?

 

70) Which of the following is true regarding the customer structure?

 

71) Which of the following is a weakness of the regional structure?

 

72) One of the major weaknesses of the ________ structure is that it often inhibits coordination and communication among different regions.

 

73) An advantage of the regional structure is that ________.

 

74) A ________ consists of two organizational structures superimposed on each other. As a consequence, one person essentially reports to two bosses.

 

75) Companies that advocate unity of command would be least likely to adopt which organizational structure?

 

76) A matrix structure ________.

 

77) A major disadvantage of a matrix structure is that ________.

 

78) Which of the following statements characterizes a firm that operates within a "high-networked" structure?

 

79) ________ is the practice of taking a significant activity within the organization and contracting that activity out to an independent party.

 

80) SLPL Limited adheres to a strategy that allows managers to focus on core competencies or the activities that are most likely to yield competitive advantage. In doing so, SLPL outsources most of the activities in its value chain to other companies, retaining just a few elements. From the above example, it can be concluded that SLPL has a ________ structure.

 

81) One of the greatest potential advantages of using a ________ is that it allows managers to focus on core competencies.

 

82) Which of the following is a core category of environmental complexity?

 

83) "White water" environments are ________.

 

84) Computer software companies compete against a wide array of competitors and must continually struggle to lead, or even stay abreast of, industry changes. Thus, we may say that software companies exist in ________ and ________ external environments.

 

85) Indian Railways enjoys a monopoly in the country with regard to rail transportation as there is no other player in this segment. Based on this, it can be concluded that Indian Railways enjoys a fairly simpler ________ environment as compared to the numerous road transport service providers in the country.

 

86) Over the past 30 years, significant advancements have been made in technology, R&D, and applications relating to the IT industry. This factor can be attributed to ________ contributing to the overall uncertainty of the environment in the IT industry.

 

87) A firm with ________ would most likely use global product divisions to manage foreign sales.

88) A mining company supplies materials such as sand, gravel, and lime to the local building trade. It has few export sales. What is the most likely structure that this firm will use to manage international sales?

 

89) Firms with ________ and ________ usually employ a geographic structure to manage international sales.

 

90) The international division of a domestic organization ________.

 

91) When designing an organizational structure for an international environment, management must choose between a ________, which integrates activities on a coordinated worldwide basis, and a ________, which differentiates activities in each country served.

 

92) ________ are individuals who are designated to act as a bridge between different areas, such as quality or manufacturing processes.

 

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