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Rutgers University MANAGEMENT 386 1)The case of Kevin Warner was presented in the text as an example of the diagnosis of schizophrenia

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Rutgers University

MANAGEMENT 386

1)The case of Kevin Warner was presented in the text as an example of the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Which of Kevin's symptoms strongly suggested that he had lost touch with reality, which is the defining feature of schizophrenia?

 

A.            social withdrawal

 

B.            belief that people were poisoning him

 

C.            inability to succeed at work

 

D.            difficulty in communicating

2.            Based on the results of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) Study, which disorder has the highest lifetime prevalence in the United States?

A.            major depression

B.            schizophrenia

C.            bipolar mood disorder

D.            obsessive-compulsive disorder

 

3.            How has research on comorbidity changed the focus of epidemiological research?

A.            shifted the focus from counting the number of people with a disorder to measuring the functional impairment associated with the problems

 

B.            higher than expected prevalence of mental retardation led to more emphasis on intellectual ability

 

 

 

people

 

C.            shifted the focus from the psychotic disorders to milder disorders that affect more

 

D.            evidence for the biological etiology of more mental disorders has switched the focus

 

to identifying the genes responsible for particular disorders

 

4.            Which individual is most likely to suffer bulimia nervosa?

A.            Michael, a 30-year-old auto mechanic B. Amy, a 19-year-old college student

C. Joe, a 45-year-old air traffic controller

D. Isabel, a 10-year-old grade-school student

5.            George completed five years of graduate school that led to a Psy.D. degree. He is now completing a one-year internship at a mental health clinic. What type of mental health

professional is George?

A.            clinical psychologist

B.            social worker

C.            psychiatrist

D.            medical therapist

 

 

6.            Which of the following treatments is most consistent with the view that bodily fluids cause

mental disorders?

A.            purging

B.            electroconvulsive therapy

C.            exorcism

D.            fever therapy

 

7.            The DSM definition of mental disorder excludes which of the following?

A.            behaviors caused by personal distress

B.            impairment in social functioning

C.            behavior of which the individual is unaware D. beliefs and actions shared by a religious group

 

8.            Which of the following is important information when diagnosing a mental disorder?

 

A.            statistical research on the disorder

 

B.            a fallible indicator of the disorder

 

C.            one primary symptom that defines the disorder

 

D.            a syndrome or set of related symptoms

 

 

 

9.            Which is the best description of abnormal psychology?

 

A.            application of psychological science to the study of mental disorders

 

B.            analysis of the childhood roots of pathology

 

C.            a deviant personality trait

 

D.            study of unconscious influences on mental disorders

 

 

 

10.          What is the best definition of a case study?

 

A.            an analysis of the daydreams of college students

 

B.            a psychological evaluation for legal purposes

 

C.            a detailed description of one person

 

D.            a large scale study of the rates of a disorder

 

 

 

11.          What dysfunctions are considered to be disorders?

 

A.            those leading to the inability to occasionally misconstrue reality.

 

B.            those eliciting abnormal behavior characteristics.

 

C.            those resulting in significant harm to the person

 

D.            those differing in any way from the ordinary function of a biological process

 

 

 

12.          Samuel Woodward's claim of a 90 percent success rate in treating the seriously disturbed patients at Worcester Lunatic Hospital

 

A.            was a tactic he used to increase state funding for his hospital.

 

B.            was backed by rigorous scientific evidence.

 

C.            reflects his lack of training in scientific research.

 

D.            was based on the value of such treatments as bleeding and purging.

 

 

 

13.          What two factors are combined to measure disease burden?

 

A.            daily caloric intake and hospitalization rates

 

B.            physician visits and pollution levels

 

C.            mortality and disability

 

D.            infection rates and poverty levels

 

 

 

14.          What type of degree is required to become a professional in the field of psychosocial rehabilitation?

 

A.            PhD

 

B.            master's degree

 

C.            high school or bachelor's degree

 

D.            MBA

 

 

 

15.          One specific difference between psychiatrists and psychologists is that psychiatrists

 

A.            use the DSM to diagnose mental disorders.

 

B.            have had supervised clinical experience.

 

C.            are able to provide psychotherapy.

 

D.            can prescribe medication.

 

 

 

16.          Which of the following statements most accurately describes the specialized training needed to prepare people to provide professional assistance to those who suffer from mental disorders?

 

A.            There are many forms of appropriate specialized training available.

 

B.            It is desirable to pursue a degree in medicine.

 

C.            It is necessary to pursue an advanced degree in psychology.

 

D.            It is necessary to pursue a degree in medicine.

 

 

 

17.          The only medical condition with a higher incidence than mental disorders is

 

A.            cancer.

 

B.            closed head injury.

 

C.            alcohol addiction.

 

D.            cardiovascular disease.

 

 

 

18.          It is likely that    played a role in the recurring depression of Abraham Lincoln.

 

A.            early childhood sexual abuse

 

B.            social isolation

 

C.            heredity

 

D.            lack of sleep and drugs

 

19.          Which disorder is more common in men than women?

 

A.            alcohol abuse/dependence

 

B.            bipolar disorder

 

C.            schizophrenia

 

D.            depression

 

 

 

20.          In what terms are mental disorders defined?

 

A.            unrealistic beliefs

 

B.            persistent maladaptive behaviors

 

C.            when a person is out of contact with reality

 

D.            inconsistent, socially unacceptable behaviors

 

 

 

21.          If you focused your research efforts on problems associated with psychophysiological arousal, you would be interested in activity within the

 

A.            endocrine system.

 

B.            brain stem and temporal lobes.

 

C.            hormone levels and corpus callosum.

 

D.            the early signs of Alzheimer's disease and Korsakoff's syndrome.

 

22.          What is the general finding concerning the relationship of marital status and psychopathology?

 

A.            Marriage tends to increase the rate of psychopathology among both men and women.

 

B.            There is more psychopathology among divorced and never-married people than among married people.

 

C.            Marital status has an influence on the children of a marriage but not on the spouses.

 

D.            Marital status and psychopathology are not related.

 

23.          Which of the following is most likely to be affected by a tumor on the hypothalamus?

 

A.            long-term memory

 

B.            basic biological urges

 

C.            creativity

 

D.            motor coordination

 

24.          You are watching a movie about a mental hospital. In one scene two mental health professionals are talking about a patient. One of them asks about the patient's prognosis. The response to this question will deal with the patient's

 

A.            predicted course.

 

B.            diagnosis.

 

C.            premorbid history.

 

D.            developmental norm.

 

 

25.          Dr. Andrew Wakefield has speculated that the measles/mumps/rubella vaccination may be responsible for 12 cases of autism. A Danish study of half a million children found

 

A.            no evidence to support this theory.

 

B.            evidence that rubella itself is part of the cause of autism.

 

C.            strong evidence to support this theory.

 

D.            weak evidence to support this theory.

 

 

 

26.          A synapse is a

 

A.            chemical substance in the brain.

 

B.            nerve cell.

 

C.            fluid-filled gap between neurons.

 

D.            cell body.

 

 

 

27.          General paresis was virtually eliminated because

 

A.            most older patients now develop Alzheimer's disease.

 

B.            antibiotics were developed to treat syphilis.

 

C.            psychiatrists developed the tools to diagnose it.

 

D.            the patients died before they could have children.

 

 

 

28.          What acronym will help you remember the "big five" dimensions of temperament?

 

A.            OCEAN

 

B.            WAVES

 

C.            NEEDS

 

D.            ROCKS

 

 

 

29.          Genes have alternative forms known as

 

A.            phenotypes

 

B.            genotypes

 

C.            alleles

 

D.            genosomes

 

 

 

30.          Though easily confused, negative reinforcement and punishment are quite different. With negative reinforcement, behavior                              when the aversive stimulus is                    , and with punishment, behavior                when the aversive stimulus is    .

 

A.            increases; removed; decreases; introduced

 

B.            decreases; removed; increases; introduced

 

C.            increases; removed; increases; introduced

 

D.            decreases; introduced; increases; removed

 

 

 

31.          Which paradigm views human nature as basically good, attributes abnormal behavior to frustrations of society, and uses nondirective therapy to treat abnormal behavior?

 

A.            psychoanalytic

 

B.            humanistic

 

C.            biomedical

 

D.            cognitive behavioral

 

 

 

32.          Chemicals that may be released from neurons or from endocrine glands and that affect the functioning of neurotransmitters are known as

 

A.            neuromodulators

 

B.            reuptake facilitators

 

C.            reuptake inhibitors

 

D.            adrenotransmitters

 

 

 

33.          The two broad categories of social behaviors studied by ethologists are

 

A.            imprinting and attachment

 

B.            extraversion and agreeableness

 

C.            temperament and social learning

 

D.            affiliation and dominance

 

34.          Adoption studies are important in behavior genetics because they help to

 

A.            investigate the effects of adoption

 

B.            determine whether adoption can influence genetic makeup

 

C.            separate the MZ twins from the DZ twins

 

D.            provide evidence on genetic versus environmental contributions

 

 

 

35.          In addition to the theory that living in a poor section of a U.S. city can expose children to the stress of high crime rates, what has also been suggested as a way in which poverty could add to the rate of mental disorders?

 

A.            Poor areas of U.S. cities lack adequate safety, leading to mental distress.

 

B.            Living in poverty exposes people to higher rates of disease, prompting the occurrence of mental disorders.

 

C.            Living a life of poverty is inherently stressful.

 

D.            People with mental disorders gravitate to poorer areas of cities.

 

 

 

36.          Ivan Pavlov rang a bell every time he fed meat powder to dogs. After repeated trials, the dogs began to salivate when they heard the bell, even if there was no food in sight. According to Pavlov, the dogs' salivation in the absence of food, following the ringing of the bell, is called the

 

A.            conditioned response

 

B.            conditioned stimulus

 

C.            unconditioned stimulus

 

D.            unconditioned response

 

 

 

37.          Who is the historian and philosopher who has written about the nature of paradigms?

 

A.            Sigmund Freud

 

B.            Thomas Kuhn

 

C.            John Watson

 

D.            Karl Byron

 

 

 

38.          A researcher described her approach to understanding mental disorders as biopsychosocial. When you ask her to explain what she means, what is she likely to say?

 

A.            Biological abnormalities give rise to psychological disturbances that have social consequences.

 

B.            Biological, psychological, and social factors are just as likely to be the cause of these disorders.

 

C.            The search for etiologies is best accomplished by viewing the evidence through the lens provided by one of the major paradigms.

 

D.            The integration of biological, psychological, and social factors provides the most fruitful avenue for discovering the cause of most mental disorders.

 

 

 

39.          A report of research on physiological psychology contains a description of a substance that can influence communication among neurons and can act some distance from where the substance was released. What is the topic of this report?

 

A.            neurotransmitters

 

B.            neuromodulators

 

C.            axons

 

D.            humors

 

 

 

40.          Race and poverty are closely linked to

 

A.            families headed by women.

 

B.            marital status

 

C.            social history

 

D.            families headed by men.

 

 

 

 

41.          The fact that researchers have found that clients tend to adopt beliefs similar to those of their therapists is evidence that psychotherapy is a form of

 

A.            brain-washing

 

B.            social influence

 

C.            collaborative enterprise

 

D.            faith healing

 

 

 

42.          What is a common goal in systems approaches to family therapy?

 

A.            to encourage family members to express emotion

 

B.            to train parents in behavior management

 

C.            to strengthen the alliance between parents

 

D.            to point out how family behavior can cause psychopathology

 

 

 

43.          John B. Watson's behaviorism can be seen as the forerunner of modern

 

A.            new psycodynamic therapy

 

B.            classical conditioning therapy

 

C.            cognitive-behavior therapy

 

D.            attachment therapy

 

 

 

44.          What is a meta-analysis?

 

A.            a statistical technique for combining the results of many studies

 

B.            a form of psychoanalysis

 

C.            a way of measuring changes in observable behaviors

 

D.            a case study

 

 

 

45.          During a couple therapy session with Frances and her husband, the therapist suggests that she has been using "mind reading" again and that it is not helping her in improving communication. Which of the following is an example of what the therapist thinks needs work?

 

A.            She often offers interpretations of her own behavior before the therapist has a chance to speak.

 

B.            She has a tendency to put words in the mouths of others.

 

C.            She uses too many nonverbal gestures when she speaks, which is distracting to

listeners.

 

D.            She fails to tell her husband of her wants in the hope that he will just know.

 

 

 

46.          In an experiment, a researcher gives some patients psychotherapy, gives others medication, and puts others on a waiting list. The researcher then measures how depressed the patients are feeling after six months. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

 

A.            improvement in depression

 

B.            time span of six months

 

C.            kind of treatment received

 

D.            number of patients

 

 

 

47.          Therapeutic neutrality is viewed as a key component of

 

A.            in vivo desensitization

 

B.            client-centered therapy

 

C.            rational-emotive therapy

 

D.            psychoanalysis

 

 

 

48.          Rogers viewed three qualities as essential in a therapist. Which of the following is one of those qualities?

 

A.            knowledge about different therapies

 

B.            empathy

 

C.            sympathy

 

D.            intelligence

 

 

 

49.          Random assignment is important to an experiment to ensure that

 

A.            the subjects in a study are a good representation of the larger population.

 

B.            experimenter bias does not contaminate the results.

 

C.            any differences found between the groups are caused by the independent variable.

 

 

D.            any differences found between the groups are caused by the dependent variable.

 

 

 

50.          When biological treatments are used for various mental disorders without knowing the specific cause of the problem, such treatments focus on

 

A.            discovering the cause

 

B.            prevention

 

C.            establishing the correct diagnosis

 

D.            symptom alleviation

 

 

 

51.          Contingency management involves changing the relationship between

 

A.            one behavior and another

 

B.            a behavior and the stimulus that triggers it

 

C.            what one thinks and how one acts

 

D.            a behavior and its consequences

 

 

 

52.          What was one of the severe side effects of prefrontal lobotomies?

 

A.            increased anxiety

 

B.            manic behavior

 

C.            absence of emotional responsiveness

 

D.            epilepsy

 

 

 

53.          Spontaneous remission refers to a patient getting

 

A.            better without therapy

 

B.            worse without therapy

 

C.            better with therapy

 

D.            worse with therapy

 

 

 

54.          Which of the following is an essential feature of the experimental method?

 

A.            correlation

 

B.            hypothesis

 

C.            theoretical derivation

 

D.            confounding variable

 

 

 

55.          Which of the following is one of the three key elements of systematic desensitization?

 

A.            constructing a hierarchy of needs

 

B.            operant conditioning in the presence of the object of fear

 

C.            learning to relax while forgetting about the feared stimulus

 

D.            progressive muscle relaxation

 

 

 

56.          How does the effect size (listed in your text as standard deviation units) of psychotherapy compare to the effect size of the use of chemotherapy in reducing the mortality associated with breast cancer?

 

A.            The effect size for psychotherapy is larger.

 

B.            The effect sizes are similar and small.

 

C.            The effect sizes are similar and large.

 

D.            The effect size for chemotherapy is larger.

 

57.          Your friend is considering seeking psychotherapy and asks your advice on the type of therapist she should consider. Based on the results of the Consumer Reports survey, what would you tell her?

 

A.            Social workers who emphasize family dynamics were generally viewed as the most

effective.

 

B.            Consumer satisfaction was equal with the three major types of mental health professionals.

 

C.            Psychiatrists were viewed as most effective due to their ability to prescribe medication.

 

D.            Clinical psychologists were viewed as most effective because of their broad training.

 

 

 

58.          In viewing the case of Frances presented in your text, a biologically oriented therapist would view her interpersonal problems as

 

A.            the result of her depression

 

B.            irrelevant to her condition

 

C.            a separate problem requiring another diagnosis

 

D.            the cause of her depression

 

 

 

59.          Which is a treatment for borderline personality disorder that includes an emphasis on "mindfulness," an increased awareness of your feelings, thoughts, and motivations?

 

A.            neo-psychodynamic therapy

 

B.            focused humanistic therapy

 

C.            dialectical behavior therapy

 

D.            cognitive-behavior therapy

 

 

 

60.          Most mental health professionals today identify themselves with

 

A.            the psychodynamic paradigm

 

B.            the humanistic paradigm

 

C.            no single paradigm

 

D.            the cognitive-behavioral paradigm

 

 

 

61.          What is one of the advantages of structured interviews in assessing clients?

 

A.            The interviewer can probe further when necessary.

 

B.            Structured interviews do not require training.

 

C.            Scoring is based on empirical research.

 

D.            The structured interview has a strict time limit that provides more time for other diagnostic tests.

 

 

62.          DSM-5 encourages clinicians to consider the influence of cultural factors in both the expression and recognition of symptoms of mental disorders. This is especially challenging when

 

A.            cultural background does not factor into the diagnostic equation

 

B.            the clinician and the person with the problem share the same cultural background

 

 

C.            the clinician and the person with the problem share the same faith

 

D.            the clinician and the person with the problem do not share the same cultural background

 

 

63.          An advantage of the MMPI-2 in clinical assessment is that it

 

A.            allows clinicians to include their own professional judgments.

 

B.            gives the clinician ample opportunity to ask additional questions.

 

C.            covers a wide range of problems in an efficient manner.

 

D.            provides an in-depth measure of a small number of critical dimensions.

 

 

 

64.          When we ask whether a category or diagnosis is useful, we are asking about its

 

A.            validity

 

B.            kappa

 

C.            reliability

 

D.            coverage

 

65.          Recent advances in brain imaging have allowed clinicians to make scientifically useful comparisons in the relative size of the chambers in the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid. These chambers are called

 

A.            ventricles

 

B.            lobes

 

C.            meninges

 

D.            cerebrospinal spaces

 

66.          Alice has been experiencing a number of symptoms of anxiety for several months. A psychologist decides to assess her symptoms by using a behavioral coding system. What is Alice likely to be asked to do?

 

A.            discuss her symptoms while a psychologist checks instruments designed to measure her pulse and breathing

 

B.            rate the level of anxiety she feels on a scale ranging from very anxious to not anxious

 

C.            record the presence of specific symptoms during 30-minute segments throughout the

day

 

D.            evaluate the symbolism of each of her symptoms

 

 

 

67.          A clinical psychologist is interviewing a client and asks a series of questions. Later the same psychologist interviews another client and asks the same series of questions in the same order. What type of interview is the psychologist using?

 

A.            objective

 

B.            structured

 

C.            primary

 

D.            projective

 

68.          You are attempting to diagnosis a patient, and you would like a view of her brain. You are interested in static structures, not function, so your two choices of scanning techniques are CT scans and

 

A.            EEG.

 

B.            TAT.

 

C.            fMRI.

 

D.            MRI.

 

 

 

69.          Based on their assessment, clinicians want to generalize, or draw inferences about the person's behavior in the natural environment, but

 

A.            clinicians must rely on specific samples of a person's behavior.

 

B.            only psychophysiological tests allow for such generalizations.

 

C.            clinicians are unable to generalize accurately.

 

D.            only objective tests allow for such generalizations.

 

 

 

70.          Oscar has recently lost a loved one; a mental health professional who is trying to be sensitive to the cultural context of Oscar's problem will want to know

 

A.            what Oscar has learned about how grief should be displayed

 

B.            whether Oscar suffers from some chemical imbalance

 

C.            how depressed Oscar is

 

D.            whether Oscar's family has a history of depression

 

 

 

71.          In the field of mental health, a clinician's decision to assign a diagnosis when a person's behavior meets the specific criteria for a particular type of disorder is important because it tells the clinician

 

A.            that the person's problems are unique

 

B.            that the person's problems are similar to those experienced by others

 

C.            what caused the person's problems

 

D.            exactly how the problems can best be treated

 

 

 

72.          Using observation as part of a clinical interview can help the interviewer to

 

A.            help the client change her self-report.

 

B.            clearly understand issues that are hidden in the client's unconscious..

 

C.            both confirm and question the client's self-report.

 

D.            understand the client's hidden behaviors not performed in front of the interviewer

 

 

 

73.          Several questions on the MMPI-2 contain questions that almost everyone is likely to answer in the same way; these questions are included to catch unsophisticated attempts to avoid answering honestly and are scored on the

 

A.            O or Obfuscation Scale.

 

B.            L or Lie Scale.

 

C.            T or Truth Scale.

 

D.            D or Deception Scale.

 

 

 

74.          Which organizations publish the two most widely recognized diagnostic systems for mental disorder?

 

A.            American Psychiatric Association and World Health Organization

 

B.            American Medical Association and the National Association for the Mentally Ill

 

 

C.            National Institute of Mental Health and the American Medical Association

 

D.            American Psychiatric Association and American Psychological Association

 

 

 

75.          What is a diagnosis?

 

A.            an explanation of the etiology of a problem

 

B.            an estimate of the chances of a full recovery

 

C.            a mental health professional's estimate of the impact of family conflict on a disorder

 

 

D.            a description of behavior as fitting the criteria for a particular type of disorder

 

 

 

76.          Your text describes a study of the reliability of diagnoses for several types of mental disorders which concludes that

 

A.            more categories of mental disorder should be introduced.

 

B.            clinicians do not use psychological testing.

 

C.            the diagnostic categories of the DSM are not always used reliably by clinicians.

 

 

D.            psychiatrists and psychologists fail to cooperate.

 

77.          fMRI is a new and exciting method of imaging brains that is based on the physiological observation that

 

A.            the magnetic properties of blood changes as a function of the level of oxygen it is carrying.

 

B.            the magnetic properties of neurons change as they release neurotransmitters.

 

 

C.            the magnetic resonance of brain regions changes with age and experience.

 

D.            blood flow can be measured directly by the magnetic properties of the vessels containing the blood.

 

 

78.          A system that classifies mental disorders on the basis their qualitative differences is known as a

 

A.            measurement approach

 

B.            categorical approach

 

C.            dimensional approach

 

D.            class approach

 

 

 

 

79.          Ray is suspicious and has the unrelenting delusion that agents of a foreign government are following him with the intention of killing him. If Ray were administered the MMPI-2, you expect that he would have a high score on the scale measuring

 

A.            paranoia

 

B.            ego identity

 

C.            hysteria

 

D.            narrow-mindedness

 

 

 

80.          DSM-5 diagnoses are grouped under 22 primary headings based on

 

A.            presumed causes

 

B.            descriptive similarity

 

C.            biological factors

 

D.            theoretical assumptions

 

81.          A strong correlation exists between stressful life events and the onset of depression, but it is difficult to interpret this relationship because

 

A.            depression is a very subjective state and thus very difficult to measure.

 

B.            there haven't been enough studies.

 

C.            stress can cause depression, but depression can cause stress.

 

D.            people are usually aware of any connection between their depression and stress in their lives.

 

 

82.          Compared to tricyclics and MAO inhibitors, what is a major reason for the popularity of newer antidepressant drugs such as Prozac?

 

A.            more effective

 

B.            lower cost

 

C.            available over-the-counter

 

D.            fewer side effects

 

83.          Which of the following are the most troublesome side effects of the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?

 

A.            insomnia and excessive sweating

 

B.            heart palpitations and difficulty breathing

 

C.            sexual dysfunction and weight gain

 

D.            muscle pain and double visions

 

 

 

84.          The highest suicide rate in the United States is among

 

A.            Teenage females.

 

B.            Black females over 50 years old.

 

C.            White males under 40 years old.

 

D.            White males over 50 years old.

 

 

 

85.          Bonnie has been diagnosed with a mental disorder and is currently receiving medication. If the prescription is for anticonvulsant drugs, what is the most likely mental disorder?

 

A.            major depressive episode

 

B.            cyclothymic disorder

 

C.            rapid cycling bipolar disorder

 

D.            dysthymic disorder

 

 

 

86.          Which of the following sets of symptoms suggests the presence of melancholia?

 

A.            difficulty getting to sleep, psychomotor agitation, and significant weight gain

 

B.            weight gain, dysphoria, and hallucinations

 

C.            absence of any feelings of pleasure, early morning awakening, and marked psychomotor retardation

 

D.            anxiety, excessive guilt, and depression worse in the evening

 

87.          The city council is considering funding a suicide hotline, and they ask you to review the literature on the topic. What will your report tell the council?

 

A.            Special training for police officers is a better way to spend the money.

 

B.            Crisis hot lines must be connected with hospital emergency rooms in order to be effective.

 

C.            A hot line phone service is the most economical way to reduce the rate of suicide.

 

 

D.            Suicide rates do not differ between communities with and without suicide prevention programs.

 

 

88.          From rates of attempted and successful suicides, we can conclude that females more often attempt suicide and males more often   .

 

A.            use poisons

 

B.            succeed

 

C.            leave notes

 

D.            give away prized possessions

 

 

 

89.          You were asked to give a talk to illustrate the problems caused by depression for youth as compared to their parents' generation. Which of the following could be an accurate way to start your talk?

 

A.            The younger generation is experiencing rates of depression at the same rate as previous generations.

 

B.            The younger generation is experiencing depression at a later age than previous generations.

 

C.            The younger generation is experiencing rates of depression higher than previous generations.

 

D.            The younger generation is experiencing rates of depression lower than previous generations.

 

 

 

 

90.          What is a schema?

 

A.            a point of contention in a relationship

 

B.            an example of a cognitive distortion

 

C.            a role played in a relationship

 

D.            an organized cognitive representation of prior experience

 

 

 

91.          Durkheim's classification of suicides focused on a person's social circumstances in terms of high and low levels of social

 

A.            apathy and altruism

 

B.            egotism and fatalism

 

C.            integration and regulation

 

D.            anomie and bonhomie

 

 

 

92.          The first choice for treating bipolar disorders is

 

A.            an SSRI like Prozac

 

B.            lithium

 

C.            cognitive therapy plus a self-help group

 

D.            electroconvulsive therapy

 

 

 

93.          Studies of the concordance rates for depressive disorder and bipolar mood disorder in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins suggest

 

A.            a larger role of genetic factors in depressive disorder

 

B.            similar concordance rates for depressive disorder in MZ and DZ twins

 

C.            similar concordance rates for bipolar mood disorder in MZ and DZ twins

 

D.            a larger role of genetic factors in bipolar mood disorder

 

94.          Andy has just experienced his first episode of major depression; if Andy is average for someone with depressive disorder, how many additional episodes is he likely to experience in his lifetime?

 

A.            one or two

 

B.            five or six

 

C.            none unless he also experiences a manic or hypomanic episode

 

D.            none; recurrence is uncommon

 

 

 

95.          According to the hopelessness theory of depression, what are depressed persons likely to do?

 

A.            believe that aversive events will occur regardless of what they do

 

B.            make external causal attributions

 

C.            believe that their fate is not determined at birth

 

D.            make unstable causal attributions

 

 

 

96.          Which of the following describes the term affect?

 

A.            observable behaviors associated with subjective feelings

 

B.            a state of arousal

 

C.            physiological changes associated with subjective feelings

 

D.            subjective feelings

 

 

 

97.          According to the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, the approximate percentage of individuals diagnosed with a major mood disorder in the past 12 months who received adequate treatment for that disorder was

 

A.            60 percent

 

B.            40 percent

 

C.            20 percent

 

D.            10 percent

 

 

 

98.          The case of Cathy presented in your text is an example of major depressive disorder. One of the aspects of her case that clearly tells us her mood was more than just normal sadness is that Cathy

 

A.            did not have any manic or hypomanic symptoms

 

B.            had become impaired in her ability to work

 

C.            had been separated from her husband for five years

 

D.            felt unworthy of her latest promotion at work

 

 

 

99.          What is the primary advantage of analogue studies in research on mood disorders?

 

A.            They can use animals rather than humans.

 

B.            They can employ an experimental procedure.

 

C.            They are highly generalizable to situations outside the laboratory.

 

D.            They are not subject to Ethics Review Boards.

 

 

 

100.        A good example of the type of cognitive distortions that lead to depression, according to the textbook, would include

 

A.            drawing inferences about one's self with ample evidence to back them up

 

B.            exaggerating the importance of positive events over negative

 

C.            exaggerating one's own sense of intellectual ability

 

D.            over generalized conclusions about one's self based on negative experiences