a.

James Forrestal

b.

Estes Kefauver

c.

Harry S. Truman

d.

George F. Kennan

a.

viewed America as an ally because of its socialistic New Deal.

b.

feared that a united Germany would try to undermine its Communist regime.

c.

accepted the United States' leadership in world affairs.

d.

pictured the United States as globally aggressive and keeping a monopoly on atomic technology.

a.

advocated accommodating the Soviet Union.

b.

called for a united, rather than divided Germany.

c.

called for a "fraternal association" of the English-speaking peoples to halt the Russians.

d.

suggested that the United States invade China to stop communism.

a.

International Monetary Fund

b.

World Bank

c.

basic structure of the United Nations

d.

European Union

a.

Its General Assembly was composed of all member nations.

b.

Its Security Council was composed of eleven nations, six of which were elected by the General Assembly, and five of which were permanent - the Allies.

c.

Permanent members of the Security Council could veto decisions to exercise military or economic pressure against other nations.

d.

Americans understood the United Nations' move to New York as a socialist conspiracy.

a.

They immediately agreed to appropriate billions of dollars for the defense budget.

b.

They insisted that American troops remain deployed in massive numbers throughout the world.

c.

They voted to extend lend-lease to any country in need.

d.

They worked to educate the public about the Soviet threat.

a.

Iran.

b.

Poland.

c.

Korea.

d.

Panama.

a.

reducing the world's supply of nuclear weapons.

b.

a global open door policy.

c.

using the United Nations to resolve disagreements.

d.

stopping the spread of communism.

a.

restore economic stability to Europe.

b.

isolate the Soviet Union.

c.

channel reparations from Germany to the United States.

d.

create a West German currency.

a.

It offered economic assistance to all nations agreeing to fight the Soviet Union.

b.

When it learned that it was not included in the plan, the Soviet Union threatened to go to war with any nation that took advantage of it.

c.

The plan required that Western European nations work closely with all factions, including Communists.

d.

The Soviet Union created its own version to incorporate Eastern European economies into the Soviet system.

a.

West Germany officially outlawed the Communist Party.

b.

Americans refused to recognize the pro-Soviet regime in Poland.

c.

The United States began the process of creating a West German state.

d.

It uncovered evidence of a pro-American spy ring in Berlin.

a.

the National Security Council

b.

the Central Intelligence Agency

c.

the Air Force

d.

the NATO.

a.

He actively supported it.

b.

He gave lukewarm support because of his personal animosity toward Jews.

c.

He opposed it, believing that the new state unfairly treated the region's Arabs.

d.

He opposed it, believing that a Jewish state threatened non-Jews.

a.

the creation of a Palestinian state

b.

large refugee camps in the Gaza Strip, Egypt, Lebanon, and Jordan.

c.

An Israeli territory 50 percent larger than before the Arab-Israeli War.

d.

A commitment of Arab nations to destroy the Jewish state placed in their midst.

a.

American officials expected that such a move would bring the Soviets into the conflict.

b.

The American people did not want to be drawn into another war.

c.

Truman miscalculated the threat posed by Mao's forces.

d.

American officials considered Jiang's government too corrupt to survive.

a.

approving all of the report's recommendations.

b.

approving a moderate increase in military spending.

c.

rejecting additional military spending as unfeasible.

d.

asking the United Nations to create an agreement eliminating atomic weapons.

a.

It was still under the control of Japan.

b.

The Soviets had suppressed a Korean independence movement.

c.

The Americans had suppressed a Korean independence movement.

d.

The Soviets and Americans agreed to a temporary division of Korea.

a.

authorize driving the Communist government from power in North Korea.

b.

allow air attacks on Chinese bases.

c.

shift the line dividing the two Koreas considerably to the north.

d.

turn over command of all UN troops to the U.S.

a.

still did not know where the country was.

b.

remained firmly committed to President Truman's policy.

c.

wanted the war to end.

d.

were convinced we had supported the wrong side.

a.

would push for much greater government intervention in the economy than Roosevelt had.

b.

would undo much of the New Deal.

c.

would not defend the rights of minorities.

d.

would be soft on communism.

a.

A right-to-work law

b.

A national health care system

c.

The continuation of the Fair Employment Practices Commission.

d.

Expanding Social Security

a.

He hated the bill.

b.

He wanted to hold the support of organized labor for the 1948 election.

c.

He wanted a provision that would allow the president to force strikers back to work.

d.

He considered labor relations an issue for state governments to handle.

a.

It banned the closed shop.

b.

It prevented industry-wide collective bargaining.

c.

It banned union organizers from the service sector.

d.

It required affidavits from union official that they were not Communists.

a.

He issued an executive order instructing the military to integrate its forces.

b.

He presented Congress with legislation that would outlaw segregated housing.

c.

He did virtually nothing, driving black voters into the Republican camp.

d.

He was openly hostile to the emerging civil rights movement.

a.

Joined the Republican Party

b.

Ran a separate "Dixiecrat" ticket

c.

Refused to support any candidate for president

d.

Successfully recruited black voters

a.

He instituted a loyalty program that fired 3,000 people for their political beliefs.

b.

He sent out 25,000 volunteer speakers who addressed gatherings of government workers on the subject of communism.

c.

He laughed them off and said that the claims were exaggerated.

d.

He defended government workers' First Amendment rights to say what they wanted without fear of reprisal.

a.

The Screen Actors Guild president testified that Hollywood unions were full of Reds.

b.

The committee sought to use the movies to mobilize public opinion in support of capitalism.

c.

Despite the committee's pressure, Hollywood made dozens of movies that were highly critical of American business during the late 1940s and early 1950s.

d.

The Motion Picture Association told Congress to mind its own business.

a.

many of them ended up "naming names" later.

b.

their testimonies were coerced with torture.

c.

they were jailed for contempt of Congress.

d.

they were later found guilty in a trial by jury.

a.

outlawed the Communist Party in the United States.

b.

required Communists to register with the attorney general.

c.

required all public employees to take an oath of loyalty to the government.

d.

gave the government the power to conduct secret investigations into any group the president considered subversive.

a.

vigorously defended the First Amendment rights of accused Communists.

b.

was never called upon to deal with the difficult constitutional issues involved in prosecuting alleged Communists.

c.

upheld a law that made it a crime to be a member of the Communist Party.

d.

ordered Communists to register with the attorney general.

a.

confessed and met leniency.

b.

professed innocence, were found guilty and executed.

c.

got a lighter sentence by denunciating Alger Hiss in the State Department.

d.

pleaded with Joe McCarthy for mercy - in vain.

a.

invented a glorious war record for himself.

b.

just been re-elected by an overwhelming majority.

c.

led a congressional team that exposed corruption in the Labor Department.

d.

been elected Senate minority whip.

a.

the cold warrior from Wisconsin physically attacked Tydings in the Senate.

b.

the star of the anti-communist crusader began to fall.

c.

McCarthy discredited his challenger with fake stories and manipulated photographs.

d.

Americans began to doubt the claims of the Senator from Wisconsin and debate the merits of anti-communism more sensibly.

a.

he lashed out against his Democratic party rivals.

b.

He switched his party affiliation to the Republicans.

c.

He decided to drop out of the race.

d.

He changed his campaign strategy and making an amazing comeback against Republican challenger Dewey in the November elections.

a.

Two-income families were necessary, given the poor economic condition of the country.

b.

Women should work for several years before marrying.

c.

Women should delay bearing children until their thirties.

d.

Women should return to the home and not work with men.

a.

affirmed the legality of restricting community residence to whites.

b.

barred the lower courts from enforcing restrictive covenants.

c.

prevented banks and the FHA from rejecting home loan applications from minorities.

d.

upheld the practice of the restrictive covenant.

a.

advocated civil rights for blacks.

b.

was created as a wing of the Veterans Administration.

c.

attacked discrimination throughout the West and Southwest.

d.

was founded as an organization that discussed ways to expand the GI Bill of Rights.