England and Its American CHAPTER 2 Colonies, 1607–1732 CORE OBJECTIVES Identify the economic, religious, and political motivations for the establishment of England’s diverse American colonies

Question

England and Its American

CHAPTER 2

Colonies, 1607–1732

CORE OBJECTIVES

Identify the economic, religious, and political motivations for the establishment of England’s diverse American colonies.
Describe the political, economic, social, and religious characteristics of English colonies in the Chesapeake region, the Carolinas, the Middle Colonies, and New England prior to 1700.
Analyze the ways by which English colonists and Native Americans adapted to each other’s presence.
Analyze the role of indentured servants and the development of slavery in colonial America.
Explain how the English colonies became the most populous, prosperous, and powerful region in North America by 1700.

TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

Although English settlers in New England considered the area to be “virgin land,” more than 100,000 Native Americans inhabited the region.
Englishmen had a very well-developed sense of liberty as a result of the Magna Carta and the establishment of Parliament.
As a result of the Glorious Revolution, England abolished the monarchy and became a republic.
The Virginia Company was a joint-stock company.
Sir Edwin Sandys took over the Virginia Company in 1618 and instituted important changes that stabilized the colony.
Due to its harsh winters, New England’s death rate was higher than that of Maryland or Virginia.
After being banished from Massachusetts because of his strict interpretation of the Puritan faith, Roger Williams founded Rhode Island.
The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina established a formal nobility and provided for religious toleration.
Peter Stuyvesant was the defi ant governor of Rhode Island.
New Netherland became one of the most ethnically diverse American colonies.
Delaware was originally part of Pennsylvania.
An Indian attack in 1622 killed about one-fourth of Virginia’s settlers, including John Rolfe.
By the mid-1670s, many of Virginia’s free white adult males owned no land and squatting became a signifi cant problem.
Nathaniel Bacon was a former indentured servant who led a Virginia rebellion.
The Indian wars of the mid-1670s cost proportionately more casualties than any other American war.
In the 17th century, owning slaves did not signify a moral weakness. It was commonly thought that slavery was a normal institution in an imperfect world.

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

Which religious movement in Great Britain desired to return to a more “godly” worship?
1. Dunkers
2. Puritans
3. Calvinists
4. Lutherans
5. Separatists
An example of the political turmoil that induced English citizens to consider moving to the new British colonies during the 1600s was
1. frequent wars between the English and the Scots.
2. political intrigue amongst the nobles seeking to overthrow the Commonwealth.
3. the violence that erupted when the Long Parliament was disbanded and new elections were demanded.
4. the struggle for authority between King Charles I and Parliament.
5. the execution of Queen Elizabeth for adultery.
Which was not a reason for England’s desire to settle the New World?
1. Jealousy over the riches discovered by Spain in Central America
2. Desire to become independent economically from Spain
3. The ability of the North American continent to provide the wood they needed for their navy
4. The reports of gold in the Appalachian Mountains
5. The ability to move “undesirables” out of Great Britain
A secondary mission given to the Virginia Company by King James

I called for

1. war to be waged against the French.
2. privateers to attack and seize Spanish shipping from Central America.
3. conversion of the godless Native Americans to Christianity.
4. seizure of lands from the French in Quebec.
5. destruction of the Huguenots in Florida for heresy.
One of the major problems affecting the Virginia colony when it was fi rst settled was that
1. its supplies were lost at sea when the Mayfl ower sank.
2. its fi rst settlers were either townsmen or gentlemen who didn’t know how to farm.
3. it was almost destroyed when the Spanish discovered the colony and set

fi re to it.

1. Native Americans raided its supplies to survive the winter, leaving the colonists without suffi cient foo
2. colonists were too busy fi nding gold to plant food to surviv
What was one major way that the colonists settling in New England differed from the original Jamestown colony?
1. They sought freedom of religion from the Catholicism of Great Britain.
2. They were more interested in making a profi t off of the land than were those in Jamestown.
3. They were middle class and most could pay their own way.
4. They fl ed from the violence in Great Britain during the Glorious Revolution.
5. There was no difference; they were effectively the same as those who settled Jamestown.
In what ways did the northern and southern colonies of Great Britain differ during their early days?
1. The South chose to employ slave labor, while the North did not.
2. The South tended to focus on growing staple crops, whereas the North’s economy revolved more around shipping of furs hunted in the West.
3. The South was established earlier than the North and was more concerned with religious freedoms.
4. The North was more involved with negotiating in good faith with the Native Americans in their area.
5. The North had more favorable land for agriculture and far outstripped the South’s ability to produce cotton.
After the failure of the Virginia colony to turn a profi t, it
1. was converted to a royal colony and used as a penal colony.
2. was restructured to attract new settlers with a lure of free land.
3. was deserted after a severe drought.
4. was left to die because investors sold their stocks.
5. collapsed after the “Starving Time” and no one survived.
The Virginia colony began to grow and eventually prosper when John Rolfe
1. adapted an Indian practice of growing tobacco for shipping to England.
2. discovered gold on the Yorktown Peninsula.
3. married Pocahontas and established an alliance with her father, ending the wars between the colony and the Powhatans.
4. established the headright system in the colony to bring the population under his control.
5. introduced slavery to make up for the labor shortag
Sir Edwin Sandys established ______ in the Virginia colony in an attempt to make it more profi table.
1. slavery
2. headrights
3. trading posts
4. ports
5. naval bases
Different from the rest of the British Colonies, Maryland, a ________, was owned by Lord Baltimore.
1. proprietary colony
2. royal colony
3. penal colony
4. secular colony
5. slave-owning colony
Of all the original British colonies, why was Maryland different from the others?
1. It was controlled by a group of proprietors appointed by the king.
2. It was created as a refuge for British Catholics.
3. It was created as a buffer zone to protect New England from its southern neighbors.
4. It was created after the Glorious Revolution as a prison for convicted revolutionaries.
5. It was the only colony without a royal charter to fail.
By the late 1610s, this religious group had been persecuted and fl ed England, and then later the Netherlands. They fi nally established a colony in Plymouth.
1. Puritans
2. Separatists
3. Dunkers
4. Quakers
5. Calvinists
Led by John Winthrop, this group of religious reformers desired to establish a new colony that would change the world and reform it.
1. Puritans
2. Separatists
3. Dunkers
4. Quakers
5. Calvinists
Settling with the Narragansett Indian tribe, this religious reformer established Rhode Island.
1. John Smith
2. Roger Williams
3. John Winthrop
4. Benjamin Franklin
5. Anne Hutchinson
Which colony came into existence due to the overfl ow of an already established colony?
1. Massachusetts
2. Maryland
3. Pennsylvania
4. South Carolina
5. Connecticut
Prior to being established as North Carolina, its population consisted largely of people from
1. Transylvani
2. Albemarle.
3. Kentucky.
4. Florida.
5. Mississippi.
The proprietors of South Carolina recruited settlers from _______ to settle their colony in an attempt to recreate the success in the new colony.
1. the West Indies
2. Cuba
3. the Canary Islands
4. the Isle of Man
5. Virginia
What was one of the reasons the colony of Georgia grew?
1. It became a joint-stock corporation.
2. It was given to 21 trustees to oversee.
3. It became a royal colony.
4. It never di
5. It began to sell captured natives as slaves.
The Dutch West India Company had established this settlement to protect the mouth of the Hudson River.
1. Baltimore
2. Boston
3. New Amsterdam
4. Charleston
5. Yorktown
The fi rst Jewish colonists who arrived in the New World were primarily of

__________ descent

1. Iranian
2. Spanish-Portuguese
3. French
4. English
5. Germanic-Russian
How did the English Civil War affect the establishment of colonies?
1. Prior to the war they were mainly founded for religious reasons and afterward to achieve some form of economic gain.
2. After the war they were established at a much larger pace as the vanquished were shipped there as punishment.
3. The colonies expanded faster before the war because there was more need for the lumber and pitch.
4. All colonies were converted to royal charters after the war to prevent them from rebelling again.
5. Previously established colonies were grouped into the New England Confederation, which was governed as one entity.

_________ differed from other religious colonial leaders in that he encouraged settlers of all faiths as long as they believed in God.
1. William Penn
2. Roger Williams
3. John Winthrop
4. John Wesley
5. Thomas Hooker
Led by James Oglethorpe, this colony was settled for military and philanthropic reasons.
1. Connecticut
2. Georgia
3. South Carolina
4. Maryland
5. Maine
How was Georgia’s establishment different than that of the other British colonies?
1. It was one of the fi rst.
2. All forms of religion were permitted.
3. It was established as a military buffer between the British colonists and Spanish Florida.
4. It had a large French Protestant contingent.
5. Only Catholics were allowed to live ther
The most major impediment to relations with Native Americans during the settlement of the British Colonies was
1. disease.
2. language.
3. culture.
4. lack of foo
5. difference of religions.
During the fi rst few years of the ______________, Chief Powhatan and his tribe kept the settlers from starving to death.
1. Maryland colony
2. Plymouth colony
3. New Netherland colony
4. Jamestown colony
5. Massachusetts Bay colony
The Native American group that kept the Virginia colony from disaster when it was fi rst settled was the
1. Powhatans.
2. Comanche.
3. Cherokee.
4. Shawnee.
5. Chippewa.
Which of the following was not a result of Bacon’s Rebellion?
1. Jamestown was burned.
2. Governor Berkley was recalled to England.
3. New land was opened up to the settlers.
4. Native Americans were killed to open up new lands to settlers.
5. Large plantation owners became more inclined to purchase slaves than risk hiring poor settlers.
Pennsylvania colonists had a different experience with the Native Americans than most other colonies. Why?
1. None lived in that are
2. Their founder worked from the start to have good relations with them.
3. When the settlers arrived they purposefully wiped them all out.
4. They settled in an area known for having peaceful natives.
5. They did not seek to convert them Christianity.
One primary difference between the English colonies and those of other nations was that English colonists needed
1. furs.
2. tobacco.
3. land.
4. fi sh.
5. gold.
The death of John Sassamon, a Christian Indian in 1674, spurred
1. the Pequot War.
2. King Philip’s War.
3. Queen Anne’s War.
4. the French and Indian War.
5. Bacon’s Rebellion.
In New York a group of Native Americans joined together to resist Anglo encroachment. They were known as
1. the Chippewa Confederation.
2. the Iroquois League.
3. the Shawnee Nation.
4. the United Cherokees.
5. the Ojibwa Organization.
During the 17th century, this Native American group organized a union so strong that they forced the Anglo settlers in their areas to work with other bands of natives to exploit the fur trade.
1. Comanche
2. Iroquois
3. Chippewa
4. Shawnee
5. Tippewa
Why was indentured servitude originally considered for the American colonies?
1. It allowed people to practice freely whatever religion they wanted.
2. England could get rid of undesirable citizens.
3. There was a shortage of laborers.
4. Nobody wanted to move to the colonies due to the continuous attacks by Native Americans.
5. Cotton was very labor intensive, and a cheap source of labor was needed to maximize profi ts.
Because of this product, it became necessary for the American Colonies to increase their labor force.
1. Tobacco
2. Corn
3. Maize
4. Cotton
5. Cattle
During their time of a person served for indentured servitude, they were forbidden
1. from marriage.
2. from participating in trade.
3. from owning property.
4. from owning tools.
5. from being punished for bad behavior.
_________________ Africans were forcibly moved in the slave trade while it existed to the American colonies.
1. 100,000
2. 1 million
3. 10 million
4. 50 million
5. 100 million
Why did the number of slaves increase in the Middle Colonies and those in the South over those in the North?
1. There were more accepting attitudes to slavery in those regions.
2. They were more agriculturally based.
3. There was more space for them to live.
4. Slave ships put in at their ports more often.
5. There were more churches in the North.
The majority of those claiming a religious affi liation by 1700 in New England claimed they were
1. Catholic
2. Protestant
3. Puritan
4. Lutheran
5. Separatist

41.This term was used to describe the trip slaves took across the Atlantic Ocean.

The slave trade
The Underground Railroad
The Black Diaspora
The Middle Passage
The Triangular Trade

What was the ratio of slaves who died while aboard ships to the New World to those who survived the trip?
1. 1:3
2. 1:6
3. 1:10
4. 1:25
5. 1:100
By the early 18th century the _______ were the dominant force in North America.
1. French
2. Spanish
3. Dutch
4. English
5. Mexican
What was a crucial advantage that the English colonies had over other European colonists?
1. Better geography
2. Better work ethic
3. Better relations with the Native American populace
4. Self-governance
5. Better crop land
English exploration of the North American continent in the 17th century was hindered by
1. attacks by Native Americans.
2. attacks by the French to protect their land.
3. lack of time due to the large amount of mineral wealth being mined and shipped back to England.
4. the Appalachian Mountains.
5. the lack of approval from the churches.
Why did the colonies of Spain pale in comparison to those of the English at the turn of the 18th century?
1. They did not have the Protestant work ethic.
2. They were tightly controlled by the authorities in Spain.
3. They were constantly fi ghting Native American attacks.
4. Their colonies were established in areas unfi t for survival.
5. Their mother country was wracked with civil war and their colonies received no oversight from the crown.
Why did the colonies of France pale in comparison to those of the English at the turn of the 18th century?
1. They were more concerned with negotiating trade treaties with the Native Americans than creating effective colonies.
2. The mother country was fi ghting Spain and thus not concerned with colonial administration.
3. They were tightly controlled by the authorities in France.
4. They were settled in areas that were prone to disease; thus they had a low birth rate.
5. Constant attacks by Native Americans kept potential settlers away.
What does your textbook give as a reason that the English colonies fl ourished in the late 17th century?
1. Positive relations with the Native Americans
2. Positive relations with the other European colonies
3. Organized loosely to maximize profi t
4. Strong royal control
5. Establishment of royal quotas on production
What was a major difference between Spanish and English colonists?
1. English colonists did not want to return to England.
2. Spanish colonists did not want to return to Spain.
3. Spanish colonists tended to marry their Native American slaves.
4. English colonists tended to marry their African American slaves.
5. Spanish colonists made Native Americans full citizens in their colonies.
Which of the following experienced better lives in their nation’s colonies as opposed to their mother land?
1. The French
2. The Dutch
3. The Spanish
4. The English
5. The Mexicans