a)    What do studies of gene expression that are visualized as DNA bands on gels involve? b)   The figures give percentages of expression

a)    What do studies of gene expression that are visualized as DNA bands on gels involve?

b)   The figures give percentages of expression. What are current common methods of quantifying gene expression? (Hint: two types of PCR, explain what they are briefly).

c)    What do the two bands under the same sample represent (isoform 1 and isoform 2)? Name the process and the molecule(s) involved.

d)   Explain what is occurring in each figure. Give a complete explanation. Your answer should factor the different bands as well as the intensity (percentage).

e)    Can pollutants and pesticides be the cause of amplifying one vs. two isoforms? Explain. Which of the figures may be an example of each?

f)    Can specific regions in the gene be regulating the gene to give different isoform profiles? Explain how that may happen in the case of heat and in the case of drought.

g)   How can you test if the sequence each band represents will give an active product? What may cause one to be inactive?