What is the process stimulated by glucose that leads to the release of insulin? What happens to the insulin upon release? What is the circulation of insulin like in the blood stream? Half life? Where does insulin bind? What happens generally after insulin binds to receptors? which hormones counteract the actions of insulin? Why is insulin so imperitive? What are the target tissues of insulin? What is the effect of insulin on the liver? What is the effect of insulin on adipose tissue?

1. What is the process stimulated by glucose that leads to the release of insulin?

Glucose comes in through the glucose transporter ---> converted to ATP --> ATP inactivates ATP inactivated K+ channels --> depolarizes the cell---> voltage - activated calcium channels open -> influx of cytpolasmic calcium concentration stimulates insulin release

2. What happens to the insulin upon release?

goes into protal circulation, and 1/2 is degraded by the liver and the rest goes on into systemic circulation

3. What is the circulation of insulin like in the blood stream? Half life?

insulin circulates unbound to plasma proteins giving it a short half life of 5 - 6 minutes

4. Where does insulin bind?

in the peripheral regions insulin binds to insulin receptors

5. What happens generally after insulin binds to receptors?

a series of biochemical events happen, and glucose transporters are inserted on the cell surface of the membranes

6. which hormones counteract the actions of insulin?

epinephrine, glucagon, growth hormone and cortisol

7. Why is insulin so imperitive?

because it is the only hormone that performs its function, and is opposed by the actions of four others

8. What are the target tissues of insulin?

Liver, adipose tissue, and muscle

9. What is the effect of insulin on the liver?

insulin stimulates storage of glucose as glycogen

10. What is the effect of insulin on adipose tissue?

stimulates the storage of triglycerides (fat)