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Question 1   Adult learning places emphasis on:    a

Management

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Question 1

 

Adult learning places emphasis on: 

 

a. the use of more formal training methods. 

b. one-way communication. 

c. improving employee knowledge of technology advances. 

d. learning by doing.

 

 

Question 2

 

The main emphasis of process theories of motivation is that they: 

 

a. can only be applied in organisations that use a production-line method of operations. 

b. attempt to explain motivation in terms of employees' thought processes, linked to behaviour. 

c. are focused on organisational, not employee needs. 

d. use remuneration packages as their primary approach to motivation.

 

 

Question 3

 

Valence is the term used to describe: 

 

a. the effort-performance link. 

b. the performance-reward link. 

c. the relationship between motivator and hygiene factors. 

d. the value or importance an employee places on the potential rewards that can be achieved.

 

 

Question 4

 

Psychological diversity comprises: 

 

a. values, beliefs and knowledge. 

b. gender, ethnicity and age. 

c. occupational tenure and hierarchical level. 

d. values, gender and workplace status.

 

 

Question 5

 

In cultures that emphasise hierarchy and status, employees expect the overriding style of their managers to be: 

 

a. participative. 

b. egalitarian. 

c. consultative. 

d. authoritarian

 

 

Question 6

 

If a manager was directive-, narrow- and control-oriented in their treatment of employees, they can be classified as utilising which approach to management? 

 

a. Scientific management 

b. Human relations 

c. Theory X 

d. Theory Y

 

 

Question 7

 

The comfort-level effect occurs when managers promote people: 

 

a. who are similar to most of the people in the organisation. 

b. whose values, looks, traditions or habits are similar to their own. 

c. who are similar to those people that they have traditionally promoted. 

d. whose values (as shown by psychometric testing) are consistent with successful employees in other organisations. 

 

 

Question 8

 

The tendency that people have to retain more detailed and positive information about people who are similar to them than people who are dissimilar, and work harder for those who are similar, is known as: 

 

a. prejudice. 

b. direct discrimination. 

c. cognitive processing bias. 

d. general affective bias.

 

 

Question 9

 

What information could be used as a database for measurement of HR activities? 

 

a. Industry surveys 

b. HR budgets 

c. Production records 

d. All of the options listed

 

 

Question 10

 

The types of costs associated with the replacement of staff are: 

 

a. direct and indirect costs. 

b. lost expenditure. 

c. administrative costs. 

d. (a) and (c).

 

 

 

Question 11

 

In Expectancy theory, valence is the term used to describe: 

 

a. the effort-performance link. 

b. the performance-reward link. 

c. the relationship between motivator and hygiene factors. 

d. the value or importance an employee places on the potential rewards that can be achieved.

 

 

Question 12

 

Employees in certain countries expect to have a much greater say in decision making and more autonomy in their work. These cultures have been described as having: 

 

a. low-power distance. 

b. high-power distance. 

c. equality of status. 

d. cooperative work environments.

 

 

Question 13

 

Compensation strategies that reward individual performance and the acquisition of individual skills and know-how are common in: 

 

d. risk-averse cultures.

b. egalitarian cultures. 

c. collectivist cultures. 

d. individualistic cultures. 

 

 

Question 14

 

The inability to adjust to a different cultural environment is known as: 

 

a. culture shock. 

b. behaviour reinforcement. 

c. lack of flexibility. 

d. all of the above.

 

 

 

 

 

Question 15

 

It is recommended that every expatriate have a mentor or sponsor back home. The role of this person is to: 

 

a. maintain a feeling of normality for the expatriate.

b. keep the expatriate focused on the essential aspects of their assignment. 

c. ensure that the expatriate is kept up to date with news from home. 

d. ensure that the expatriate is not given bad news from home.