Homework answers / question archive / Chapter 4: Global Health: A Community Perspective Chapter Highlights ? Definitions of global health and global burden of disease ? Indicators of health ? Health and human rights ? Factors that affect health globally ? Framework for improving world health ? Sustainable Development Goals Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Question #1 Is the following statement true or false? Global health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Chapter 4: Global Health: A Community Perspective Chapter Highlights ? Definitions of global health and global burden of disease ? Indicators of health ? Health and human rights ? Factors that affect health globally ? Framework for improving world health ? Sustainable Development Goals Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Question #1 Is the following statement true or false? Global health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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Chapter 4: Global Health: A Community Perspective Chapter Highlights ? Definitions of global health and global burden of disease ? Indicators of health ? Health and human rights ? Factors that affect health globally ? Framework for improving world health ? Sustainable Development Goals Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Question #1 Is the following statement true or false? Global health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Answer to Question #1 False Rationale: Global health prioritizes improving health and equity for all people worldwide with an emphasis on transnational health issues, determinants, and solutions. It involves many disciplines within and beyond the health sciences and promotes interdisciplinary collaboration while synthesizing population-based prevention with individuallevel clinic care. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Definitions of Health ? Health: a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity ? Public health: the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency through organized community efforts ? Dunn’s model: continuum from premature death to wellness to high-level wellness, with environment playing a major role ? Smith’s four models: ? Clinical ? Role-performance ? Adaptive ? Eudaimonistic Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Global Health Concepts Global health encompasses the behavioral and environmental risk factors of a community, which are influenced by politics, economics, and culture. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Determinants of Health Factors that affect outcomes of health status, such as physical environment, social environment, health behaviors, and individual health, as well as broader factors such as access to health services and overall health policies and interventions Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Question #2 What is an epidemiologic transition? A. High fertility and high mortality, resulting in slow population growth B. Improvement in hygiene and nutrition, leading to a decreased burden of infectious disease C. Decline in mortality and later decline in fertility D. High and fluctuating mortality, due to poor health, epidemics, and famine Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Answer to Question #2 D. High and fluctuating mortality, due to poor health, epidemics, and famine Rationale: Epidemiologic transition includes high and fluctuating mortality, due to poor health, epidemics, and famine. Demographic transitions include high fertility and high mortality, resulting in slow population growth; improvement in hygiene and nutrition, leading to a decreased burden of infectious disease; decline in mortality and later decline in fertility. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Demographic Transitions ? High fertility and high mortality, resulting in slow population growth ? Improvement in hygiene and nutrition, leading to a decreased burden of infectious disease ? Decline in mortality and later decline in fertility ? Increase in relative proportion of elderly population Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Question #3 Is the following statement true or false? Risk factors are personal habits and behaviors, environmental conditions, or inborn or inherited characteristics that are known to affect a health-related condition. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Answer to Question #3 True Rationale: Risk factors are personal habits and behaviors, environmental conditions, or inborn or inherited characteristics that are known to affect a health-related condition. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Global Burden of Disease ? Risks to health and health outcomes in different demographic populations and social settings ? The burden of disease is growing disproportionately in the world and is largely affected by climate, public policy, age of the population, socioeconomic conditions, and risk factors ? Noncommunicable diseases ? Impact of disease burden Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved What Risk Factors Affect the Disease Burden? ? Risk factors are defined as personal habits and behaviors, environmental conditions, or inborn or inherited characteristics that are known to affect a health-related condition ? Childhood and maternal malnutrition ? Other nutrition-related risk factors and inactivity ? Addictive substances ? Sexual and reproductive health ? Environmental risks Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Health Indicators ? Morbidity and mortality ? Risk factors ? Health service coverage ? Health system resources Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Women, Poverty, and Health ? Unequal power relationships between women and men ? Social norms that decrease education and paid employment opportunities for women ? Exclusive focus on women’s reproductive roles ? Potential or actual experience of physical, sexual, and emotional violence Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Sustainable Development Goals #1 ? End poverty in all its forms everywhere ? End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture ? Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages ? Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all ? Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Sustainable Development Goals #2 ? Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all ? Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all ? Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all ? Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Sustainable Development Goals #3 ? Reduce inequality within and among countries ? Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable ? Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns ? Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts ? Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Sustainable Development Goals #4 ? Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification and halt and reverse land degradation, and halt biodiversity loss ? Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels ? Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Other Factors that Affect Global Health ? Economics and politics ? Factors associated with healthcare systems Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Question #4 Is the following statement true or false? Health worker migration increases the burden to care for a society and results in the need to shift tasks primarily to nurses and community health workers. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Answer to Question #4 True Rationale: Health worker migration increases the burden to care for a society and results in the need to shift tasks primarily to nurses and community health workers. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Role of Nurses ? Knowledge of goals for worldwide health ? Assess patients and communities ? Set realistic goals ? Develop interventions partnered with local community resources ? Continually evaluate progress Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer ·