Homework answers / question archive / King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals College of Geosciences & Petroleum Engineering Petroleum Engineering Department GEOP 480 Special Topics : Climate Change TERM 202 Assignment [02] Submitted to: Dr

King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals College of Geosciences & Petroleum Engineering Petroleum Engineering Department GEOP 480 Special Topics : Climate Change TERM 202 Assignment [02] Submitted to: Dr

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King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals College of Geosciences & Petroleum Engineering Petroleum Engineering Department GEOP 480 Special Topics : Climate Change TERM 202 Assignment [02] Submitted to: Dr. Abdullah Al Shuhail Prepared by: Abdulaziz Saud AL Qahtani ID: #201663600 IPCC Policymakers Summary This is a Synthesis Report which is a combination of the reports of the three Working Groups of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The summary talked about important topics that related to the climate change such as risks, impact , mitigation and adaptation. The summary started with the observed changes that happened in the climate system. Human activities and the huge amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions are the major causes of climate change. Obviously, when population growth increased the atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane and other gases also increased. So, as a result of the high concentration of these gases the atmosphere and oceans are getting warmer and glaciers are melting which altering hydrological systems. Also, it is affecting on the quantity of water resources and in the marine life. After that, the report has highlighted the future climate change which basically create 4 scenarios with different representative concentration pathways (RCP). Each RCP has amount of GHG emissions that could be by year 2100, and the scenarios that were discussed in this report are strict mitigation scenario, two intermediate scenarios and the last scenario with very high GHG emissions. Then, the report elaborate each scenario separately and how will be our climate change by year 2100 with mentioning the future risks and impacts. Third sub-topic in the IPCC report was talking about the future strategies of adaptation and mitigation to manage and reduce the future climate risks. As mentioned in the report, if we still emission GHG as the same rate that we emission today and the mitigation policies doesn’t change by year 2100 these will lead to very high risk of severe, widespread and irreversible impacts globally. Then, the report mentioned the characteristics of both mitigation and adaptation pathways which could reduce the climate risk but due to some limitations we couldn’t follow them. Final sub-topic talked about Adaptation and mitigation options in many different sectors and regions. There is no one possible option could solve the problem of climate change, so the cooperation in all scales is needed to find better solutions. Finally, this is just a summary of most the topics that were discussed in the IPCC policymakers. King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Department of Geosciences GEOP 480 Synthesis Report Summary for Policymakers Name: Ali Khalid Alghamdi ID Number: 201752450 summary The changes on climate change are undeniable and crystal clear, and many changes that happened have never witnessed before. The average global temperature for the last three decades is the warmest since 1850, and the period from 1983 to 2012 has been described as the warmest 30 years in the past 1400 years. The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere reached unmatchable levels within the recorded history and the sea level has risen due to ice melting. The main cause for these disturbances in the climate system is the high concentration of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, and the cause for these emissions is the industrial development and the population growth. In order to meet the needs of the population, we are burning a lot of fossil fuel to produce energy and we are raising cattle in colossal numbers which lead to GHG emissions in huge amounts. The climate changes has affected many animals and creatures, some has been extinct and others migrated to unprecedented areas while others reaming on the edge of extinction; like coral reefs due to water acidification. If the rate of GHG emissions continued in the same way, the global temperature will keep increasing and we will deal with long-standing changes and will make it harder to reverse the effects and mitigate them. The projection scenario of climate change shows that by the end of 21st century the global temperature will increase more than 0.5 oC and the heavy participation will become more intense and the sea level will keep rising and acidify. Many impacts of the climate changes will last for long periods, even if we reduce the GHG emissions and start toward mitigating the causes, the risk and threat will increase as the global temperature is increasing. In order to reduce the risks of climate change, a mitigation and adaptation strategies must be implemented as soon as possible to mitigate the risks for 21st century and afterward, and to reduce the GHG emissions and the costs of climate-friendly technology over the long term. Adaptation is everybody’s responsibility from individual to government. We have to diversify sources of income, develop city planning and early warning systems and support renewable energy technology to be more efficient and cost-effective. Applying mitigation policies to maintain the global temperature increase to 2 oC by the end of 21st century is facing a huge challenges since it require us to reduce the emissions to near zero which is impossible currently.