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#1 Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease where the patient exhibits weakened musculature due to the destruction of acetylcholine (Ach) receptors

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#1 Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease where the patient exhibits weakened musculature due to the destruction of acetylcholine (Ach) receptors. Answer the following discussion questions related the neuro-muscular junction and MG.

 

Discussion Questions

1. Explain the process of exocytosis of Ach at the synaptic cleft.
2. Discuss how the lack of acetylcholine receptors affects muscle contraction.
3. Which of the following can you use to treat MG? 1) Ach 2) Ache 3) anti-cholinesterase
4. What other diseases have symptoms that are similar to myasthenia gravis?
5. If the patient had a blood calcium level of 11mg/dl, would this make his condition better or worse? Explain your answer.

#2 Raymond had a heart attack before and he knows the signs and symptoms of a heart attack. His wife drove him to the emergency department even though he didn't want to go. His wife suspected that he was having a mild heart attack and wanted him assessed by a doctor. When they arrived, the nurse that saw Raymond was familiar with his case and Raymond began his usual rant of what happened to him while he was at home.

Answer the following in your discussion.

1) What is a heart attack?

2) What are the signs and symptoms of a heart attack?

3) Why does pain from a heart attack manifest in different areas of the body?

4) What diagnostic procedures/tests should be performed in the emergency room?

5) Why do you think Raymond's wife drove him to the ED instead of calling for an ambulance?

6) What makes a heart attack "mild"?

7) If the emergency was more serious and Raymond needed bypass surgery, explain this surgery ( in laymen terms) to the patient.

#3 The hypothalamus/pituitary axis is extremely important in the body. The pituitary gland releases a variety of hormones that control major body functions . In this assignment, you will need to list ALL hormones that are released from the Anterior AND Posterior pituitary and describe their role within the human body. Also include a clinical diagnosis for each due to the hormone levels being too high or too low. An example has been provided for you.

Anterior Pituitary (AP)

The (AP) releases the hormone TSH. TSH targets the thyroid gland and the thyroid gland releases T3 and T4. The thyroid hormones are responsible for cellular metabolism which happens mostly within the cell's cytoplasm. If a person has low levels of T3 and T4, this can indicate hypothyroidism.