inherited his father's throne in 1941 as the second shah of the Pahlavi state; confronted by democratic opposition, and was forced to flee the country by Moseddeq in 1953 led by Muhammad Mosaddeq; drew its support from middle-class people who emphasized Iranian nationalism unlike sharia, it has no sacred basis, but instead is a body of statues made by legislative bodies 1794-1925; a Turkish group that moved the capital to Tehran and retained Shiism as the official state religion; Shia clerical leaders claimed to be the main interpreters of Islam, thus widening the separation between government and religion; the problems of this empire encouraged the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1909 city south of Tehran a patronage system that controlled large companies that fed the pocketbooks of the shah and his supporters the shahs of the 20th century who carried out an authoritarian rule; attempted to secularize the state; faced democratic opposition the Jewish, Christian, Muslim, and Zoroastrian faiths; monotheistic people who subjected their lives to holy books the highly centralized, militaristic early civilization of Iran, which emphasized total authority (as with Darius, who referred to his people as his slaves); a very powerful empire which clashed with the Greeks (both empires were conquered by Alexander the Great) the Guardian Council disqualified about 1000 candidates, leaving only 7 to run; the first round left two candidates: Akbar Hasemi Rafsanjani and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad; in 2009, the Iranian reform movement attempted to rally behind one candidate, though Ahmadinejad won again, resulting in protesting against election fraud

1. Muhammad Reza Shah

inherited his father's throne in 1941 as the second shah of the Pahlavi state; confronted by democratic opposition, and was forced to flee the country by Moseddeq in 1953

2. National Front

led by Muhammad Mosaddeq; drew its support from middle-class people who emphasized Iranian nationalism

3. qanun

unlike sharia, it has no sacred basis, but instead is a body of statues made by legislative bodies

4. Qajar Empire

1794-1925; a Turkish group that moved the capital to Tehran and retained Shiism as the official state religion; Shia clerical leaders claimed to be the main interpreters of Islam, thus widening the separation between government and religion; the problems of this empire encouraged the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1909

5. Qom

city south of Tehran

6. Pahlavi Foundation

a patronage system that controlled large companies that fed the pocketbooks of the shah and his supporters

7. Pahlavis

the shahs of the 20th century who carried out an authoritarian rule; attempted to secularize the state; faced democratic opposition

8. People of the Book

the Jewish, Christian, Muslim, and Zoroastrian faiths; monotheistic people who subjected their lives to holy books

9. Persian Empire

the highly centralized, militaristic early civilization of Iran, which emphasized total authority (as with Darius, who referred to his people as his slaves); a very powerful empire which clashed with the Greeks (both empires were conquered by Alexander the Great)

10. presidential election of 2005, 2009

the Guardian Council disqualified about 1000 candidates, leaving only 7 to run; the first round left two candidates: Akbar Hasemi Rafsanjani and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad; in 2009, the Iranian reform movement attempted to rally behind one candidate, though Ahmadinejad won again, resulting in protesting against election fraud