FPT University

BUE 201

Chapter 2

1)Identify the first step in an ethical decision-making process.

1. 1. Determine the facts
   2. Consider the available alternatives
   3. Monitor and learn from the outcomes
   4. Identify and consider impact of decision on stakeholders

2. Which of the following is the second step of the ethical decision-making process?
   1. Considering available alternatives
   2. Making the decision
   3. Identifying ethical issues
   4. Considering impact of decisions on stakeholders

3. Kathy, your best friend and class mate, asks you to help her with a challenging ethical predicament. Which of the following would be your first step in the decision making process?
   1. Identifying the ethical issue
   2. Considering the available alternatives
   3. Determining the facts of the situation
   4. Making the decision

4. When does issue identification become the first step in the ethical decision-making process?
   1. When you are not accountable for the decision
   2. When you are solely responsible for a decision
   3. When you are presented with an issue from the start
   4. Under all circumstances

5. In the ethical decision-making process, identify the steps that can exchange places depending on the circumstances.
   1. Identifying the ethical issues; considering the impact of the decision on stakeholders
   2. Determining the facts; identifying the impact of the decision on stakeholders
   3. Identifying the impact of the decision on stakeholders; considering the available alternatives
   4. Determining the facts; identifying the ethical issues

6. Which of the following terms refers to shortsightedness about values?
   1. Inattentional blindness
   2. Normative myopia
   3. Change blindness
   4. Descriptive ignorance

7. Which of the following statements reflects the concept of normative myopia?
   1. "I was so involved in our debate that I missed the red light. We need to limit our conversations in the car."
   2. "I never expected Draco to steal from me; he has been my friend for so long."
   3. "Brad met with an accident because he was drunk while driving. I hope he has learnt his lesson."
   4. "I may have exaggerated the features of the product to get this sale. You knew how important this deal was for me."

8. If we are told specifically to pay attention to a particular element of a decision or event, we are likely to miss all of the surrounding details, no matter how obvious. According to Bazerman and Chugh, this phenomenon is known as:
   1. inattentional blindness.
   2. descriptive ignorance.

1. 3. change blindness.
   4. normative myopia.

9. Focusing failures result in moments where we ask ourselves, "How could I have missed that?" According to Bazerman and Chugh, this phenomenon is known as:
   1. change blindness.
   2. descriptive ignorance.
   3. inattentional blindness.
   4. normative myopia.

10. According to Bazerman and Chugh, inattentional blindness results from:
    1. ignorance.
    2. passivity.
    3. shortsightedness.
    4. focusing failures.

11. Speaking on a cell phone while driving, and as a result, missing a highway turn-off by mistake is an example of:
    1. normative myopia.
    2. inattentional blindness.
    3. descriptive ignorance.
    4. change blindness.

12. Arthur Andersen auditors did not notice how low Enron had fallen in terms of its unethical decisions over a period of time. According to Bazerman and Chugh, this omission is an example

of:

1. 1. inattentional blindness.
   2. descriptive ignorance.
   3. change blindness.
   4. normative myopia.

13. Which omission occurs when decision makers fail to notice gradual changes over time?
    1. Inattentional blindness
    2. Incremental blindness
    3. Change blindness
    4. Gradual myopia

14. In the ethical decision-making process, once we have examined the facts and identified the ethical issues involved, we should next:
    1. make the decision.
    2. consider the available alternatives.
    3. monitor and learn from the outcomes.
    4. identify stakeholders.

15.                include all of the groups and/or individuals affected by a decision, policy or operation of a firm or individual.
    1. Stakeholders
    2. Participants
    3. Externalities
    4. Owners

16. Jim resides in the vicinity of a steel manufacturing firm. Any changes in the pollution control or waste treatment policy of the firm indirectly affects Jim. In this sense Jim is a:

1. shareholder.
2. market participant.
3. observer.
4. stakeholder.

17. Which of the following elements distinguish good people who make ethically responsible decisions from good people who do not?
    1. Normative imagination
    2. Moral obligation
    3. Ethical goal orientation
    4. Moral imagination

18. Creativity in identifying options is also known as:
    1. moral imagination.
    2. descriptive imagination.
    3. intentional deliberation.
    4. normative imagination.

19. In the ethical decision-making process, once we have examined the facts, identified the ethical issues involved, and identified the stakeholders, we need to next:
    1. make the decision.
    2. consider the available alternatives.
    3. consider how a decision affects stakeholders.
    4. identify stakeholders.

20. Which of the following elements is important not only to consider the obvious options with regard to a particular dilemma, but also the much more subtle ones that might not be evident at first blush?
    1. Intentional deliberation
    2. Descriptive imagination
    3. Moral imagination
    4. Normative imagination

21. In an ethical decision-making process, moral imagination helps individuals make ethically responsible decisions. Identify the step in which moral imagination is critical.
    1. Determine the facts
    2. Consider the available alternatives
    3. Identify the ethical issues
    4. Identify and consider impact of decision on stakeholders

22. In the ethical decision-making process, identify the step that involves predicting the likely, foreseeable, and the possible consequences to all the relevant stakeholders.
    1. Comparing and weighing the alternatives
    2. Making the decision
    3. Identifying the ethical issues
    4. Monitoring and learning from the outcomes

23. A critical element of this step in the ethical decision-making process will be the consideration of ways to mitigate, minimize, or compensate for any possible harmful consequences or to increase and promote beneficial consequences.
    1. Monitoring the outcomes
    2. Considering available alternatives
    3. Identifying the ethical issues
    4. Comparing and weighing alternatives

24. Consequences, justifications, principles, rights, or duties are all methods to:
    1. identify the stakeholders that may be impacted by the decisions.
    2. consider the various available alternatives.
    3. compare and weigh alternatives.
    4. identify the ethical issues involved.

25. Which step in the ethical decision-making process occurs once you have considered how a decision affects stakeholders by comparing and weighing the alternatives?
    1. Identifying the ethical issues involved
    2. Monitoring and learning from outcomes
    3. Making a decision
    4. Identifying key stakeholders

26. When faced with a situation that suggests two clear alternative resolutions, we often consider only those two clear paths, missing the fact that other alternatives might be possible. Considering limited alternatives is a stumbling block to responsible action that can be categorized as:
    1. a personality barrier.
    2. a perceptual barrier.
    3. a cognitive barrier.
    4. a behavioral barrier.

27. Which of the following explains the term "satisficing?"
    1. Considering limited alternatives while making decisions.
    2. Following simplified decision rules.
    3. Selecting the alternative simply because it is the easy way out.
    4. Selecting the alternative that meets minimum decision criteria.

28. Which of the following is not a cognitive barrier to responsible, ethical decision-making?
    1. An ignorance that is willful and intentional
    2. Considering limited alternatives
    3. Not following simplified decision rules
    4. Satisficing

29. Which of the following cognitive barriers, when used, might appear to relieve us of accountability for the decision, even if it may not be the best possible decision?
    1. Moral imagination
    2. Considering unlimited alternatives
    3. Satisfying the maximum decision criteria
    4. Applying simplified decision rules

30. Identify the barrier where individuals or groups select the option that suffices, the one that people can live with, even if it might not be the best.
    1. Considering simplified decision rules
    2. Satisficing
    3. Considering limited alternatives
    4. Selecting easy decisions

31. According to Socrates, this aspect leads to an unexamined life not worth living.
    1. Non-ethical behavior
    2. Passivity
    3. Cultural superstition
    4. Lack of standards