McMaster University

BIO 2EE3

CHAPTER 1

1)Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

1. 1. All cells utilize a similar genetic code
   2. All cells contain mitochondria for energy production
   3. All cells contain DNA as the main informational macromolecule
   4. All cells possess a plasma membrane
   5. All cells contain ribosomes for protein synthesis

2. Which of these is an example of a macromolecule?
   1. A nucleoside
   2. A protein
   3. An amino acid
   4. A monosaccharide
   5. A purine

3. Which term represents the history of an organism’s evolution
   1. Classification
   2. Phylogeny
   3. Taxonomy
   4. Descent
   5. Relative

4. Viruses are considered nonliving for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that they:
   1. Do not maintain internal homeostasis
   2. Are not responsive to environmental changes
   3. Possess DNA that can evolve
   4. Need a host cell for replication
   5. Are metabolically inert

5. In the study of which of these fields have unicellular microbes played an important role?
   1. Biochemical pathways
   2. Protein synthesis
   3. DNA replication
   4. mRNA synthesis
   5. All of the above

6. Approximately when did primitive cells first appear on Earth?
   1. 2 billion years ago
   2. 1 billion years ago
   3. 3.8 billion years ago
   4. 2.5 billion years ago
   5. 3 billion years ago

7. The discovery of ribozymes provides evidence that life on early Earth may have been based on:
   1. RNA
   2. Polysaccharides
   3. Lipids
   4. DNA
   5. Proteins

8. What is the endosymbiotic theory used to explain?
   1. The development of the nucleus in eukaryotes
   2. The rapid evolution of viruses
   3. Antiphagocytic abilities of parasitic protozoa
   4. Presence of mitochondria in eukaryotes
   5. Pathogenicity of parasitic bacteria

9. What is the most prolific source of genetic variation in living organisms?
   1. Mutation
   2. Mitosis
   3. Transcription
   4. Viral insertion
   5. Translation

10. Which is the correct distinction between a heterotroph and an autotroph?
    1. An autotroph utilizes carbon dioxide as an energy source and a heterotroph utilizes organic compounds as an energy source
    2. An autotroph utilizes organic compounds as a carbon source and a heterotroph uses carbon dioxide as a carbon source
    3. An autotroph utilizes complex organic compounds as a carbon source and a heterotroph utilizes simple organic compounds as a carbon source
    4. An autotroph utilizes carbon dioxide as a carbon source and a heterotroph utilizes organic compounds as a carbon source
    5. An autotroph utilizes organic compounds as an energy source and a heterotroph utilizes carbon dioxide as an energy source

11. In regards to metabolic diversity, which statement below is true?
    1. Eukaryotic cells possess the greatest metabolic diversity
    2. Animals possess greater metabolic diversity than bacteria
    3. Plants possess greater metabolic diversity than bacteria
    4. Protozoa possess greater metabolic diversity than bacteria
    5. Archaea and Bacteria possess greater metabolic diversity than Eukarya

12. The Earth’s ozone layer protects surface microbes from the harmful effects of:
    1. Ultraviolet light
    2. Radio waves
    3. Infrared radiation
    4. Gamma radiation
    5. The sun’s heat

13. This early microbiologist used a swan-necked flask to help disprove the Theory of Spontaneous Generation
    1. Edward Jenner
    2. Louis Pasteur
    3. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
    4. John Tyndall
    5. Robert Koch

14. The study of microbiology includes all of the following EXCEPT
    1. Fungi
    2. Plants
    3. Viruses

1. 4. Bacteria
   5. Algae

15. What percent of the dry weight of the cell is composed of DNA? a. 50-55

b.   25-30

c.     12-15

d.   35-40

e. 2-5

16. Which is a macromolecular difference between the Domains Bacteria and Archaea?
    1. Bacteria contain DNA and Archaea do not
    2. Archaea contain a nucleus and Bacteria do not
    3. Bacteria contain a plasma membrane and Archaea do not
    4. Archaea contain multiple types of RNA polymerase and Bacteria have only one type
    5. Bacterial cell wall contains peptidoglycan and Archaea cell wall does not

17. Which statement below is FALSE concerning the atmosphere of early earth?
    1. Nitrogen gas was present in very large amounts
    2. Hydrogen gas was present
    3. The atmosphere was a reducing atmosphere
    4. Oxygen was present in very small amounts
    5. Carbon dioxide was present in very small amounts

18. Which best describes the Cyanobacteria?
    1. First prokaryote to contain mitochondria
    2. A type of eukaryotic algae
    3. Members of the Archaea domain
    4. First appeared on earth about 3.5 billion years ago
    5. Carry out oxygenic photosynthesis

19. A chemoautotroph
    1. Obtains energy from the sun and carbon from carbon dioxide only
    2. Obtains energy from the sun and carbon from inorganic molecules
    3. Obtains energy from the sun and carbon from organic molecules
    4. Obtains carbon and energy from inorganic molecules
    5. Obtains carbon and energy from organic molecules

20. Which of these is required during aerobic respiration?
    1. Water
    2. Pyruvate
    3. Glucose
    4. Oxygen
    5. Nitrate

21. During nitrogen fixation, microorganisms convert
    1. Nitrate to dinitrogen gas
    2. Ammonia to dinitrogen gas
    3. Dinitrogen gas to ammonia
    4. Ammonia to nitrate
    5. Dinitrogen gas to nitrate