University of Guelph

PHIL 1010

Philosophy Quiz 1

1)What happens when you get into the Experience Machine that Robert Nozick describes?

1. 1. You feel what it’s like to live someone else's life
   2. You have the most pleasurable experiences possible
   3. You experience the entire future life you will have

2. Kymlicka wrote: “I believe that the ultimate test of theory of justice is that it coheres with, and helps illuminate
   1. The theories of the great philosophers of the past
   2. our “intuitions” about justice
   3. Scientific insights into human nature

3. The “sour grapes” phenomenon is an example of
   1. Envious judgment
   2. Adaptive preferences
   3. Non-maximal distribution

4. Government House Utilitarianism is the idea that:
   1. Utility is to be maximized within countries, not for humanity as a whole.
   2. Only a small elite of government administrators use Utilitarianism in their decisions.
   3. A less-maximal amount of utility is morally acceptable as long as social order is maintained.

5. The “repugnant conclusion” is that world B is better than world A even though...
   1. Happiness in world B is more unequal than in world A.
   2. Some of the people in world B are oppressed and exploited.
   3. Everyone’s life in world B is barely worth living.

6. Historically, writes Kymlicka, Utilitarianism arose as
   1. A response to simplistic egalitarianism.
   2. A radical critique of English society.
   3. A reaction against the Aristotelianism taught in schools.

7. Rawls claims nobody chooses their IQ. To which is these claims is he objecting?
   1. People choose their IQs.
   2. If social inequalities are removed, then differences in income are the result of people’s choices.
   3. Social inequalities can never be eliminated.

8. Which among these distributions of “primary goods” in a society should be chosen by people in the original position, according to Rawls?

a. 10:8:1

b.   7:6:2

c.     5:4:4

9. According to Rawls, “The principles of justice are chosen…”
   1. “By those who know they will be least advantaged”
   2. “Behind a veil of ignornance”
   3. “In a state of nature”

10. Whereas Rawls proposes to ignore inequalities in natural primary goods (when applying the difference principle), Dworkin proposes to…
    1. Equalize them.
    2. Measure them and compensate people for them.
    3. Have people bid on insurance against such disadvantages.

11. The example of the gardener and the tennis player is meant as a counterexample to…
    1. The definition of primary goods.
    2. The difference principle.
    3. The veil of ignorance.

12. In Dworkin’s scenario, each person…
    1. Knows their plan of life, but doesn't know what natural talents they may have.
    2. Knows neither their plan for life nor what natural talents they have.
    3. Knows both their plan of life and what natural talents they have.

13. Roemer proposed to split people into “types” such that inequalities within types are due to…
    1. People’s circumstances.
    2. The choices people make.
    3. Choices people would make in the original position.

14. Kymlicka writes: “There was no satisfactory political philosophy at the time which could make sense of this phenomenon”
    1. Increasing income inequalities since WWII.
    2. The extension of the welfare state after WWII.
    3. Imperialist motivations for countries to enter WWII.

15. Rawls's objection to the “welfare state” is basically that...
    1. It helps the lazy and the hard-working equally.
    2. It imposes costs on people who did nothing wrong.
    3. It addresses inequalities only after allowing them to occur.

16. The Wilt Chamberlain example is meant to show that
    1. Free exchange cannot lead from a just distribution to an unjust distribution.
    2. Free exchanges can lead to great inequality.
    3. Great inequality is never unjust if it results from free exchanges.

17. In order for an initial acquisition to be legitimate, according to Nozick, it must be one that
    1. doesn’t close off opportunities for others.
    2. Is localized to a particular area or item.
    3. doesn’t leave anyone worse off.

18. In the story of Amy and Ben, Amy achieves domination over Ben by
    1. Acquiring land to which he needs access
    2. Acquiring more land than he acquires.
    3. Acquiring her land before Ben acquires his.

19. In the Prisoner’s Dilemma as presented in the text, the worse outcome for you is
    1. You and your partner both confess.
    2. Neither you nor your partner confess.
    3. you don’t confess but your partner does.

20. The Hobbesian solution to the Prisoner’s Dilemma is to give someone the
    1. Writes laws preventing such situations from arising.
    2. power to enforce cooperative agreements.
    3. Changes’ people disposition so that they don’t exploit such situations.

21. Some people maintain that people have “inherent moral status.” The mutual advantage theorists
    1. does not use this idea in their theory.
    2. Agrees with this idea.
    3. Claims to prove this idea is false.

22. For which of the following claims is Taylor’s “diabolical defence” of Albanian freedom a problem?

The amount of overall freedom in a society depends on..

22. 1. How many desired actions are prevented.
    2. How important the liberties allowed are.
    3. How equally liberties are held.
23. Kymlicka writes: “The purposive version of the greatest equal liberty principle is in fact just a confused way of…”
    1. Distinguishing pol
    2. Fdkfd
    3. Stating the Rawlsian approach

24. Kymlicka writes, “As soon as we ask that question, Flew’s equation of capitalism with freedom is rendered problematic.”