Pennsylvania State University TURF 100 Quiz 6 1)Factors affecting successful seedling emergence and survival include: depth of planting temperature seed-to-soil contact moisture all of the above   For successful seed formation, what type of fertilization is required of all flowering plants, including turfgrass? adventitious fertilization primary fertilization single fertilization double fertilization triple fertilization   The translucent sheath enclosing the first true leaf during early seed germination is called the: scutellum mesocotyl   coleorhiza coleoptile radicle   The seed germination process begins when which of the following happens? when anthesis occurs when the seed (floret) reaches the right moisture content when the endosperm (starch) begins to breakdown when the root radicle (primary or seminal root) emerges when water is absorbed (imbibed)   The true seed of a turfgrass plant is called what? a caryopsis a spiklet an inflorescence a glume a rachilla   Which of the following best describes the climate classification of the northeast US (aka Pennsylvania)? Temperate Temperate Oceanic Temperate Continental Northern Mid-Atlantic   Turfgrasses grown in the shade versus full sun typically have which of the following? a more upright (vertical) leaf orientation lower shoot density less root biomass thinner leaf cuticles all of the above   Turfgrasses grown in the short day lengths of fall versus the long day lengths of summer typically have which of the following? a more prostrate (horizontal) leaf orientation higher shoot density less root biomass shorter leaves all of the above   Which of the following best describes the layer of moist air that surrounds the turfgrass leaf blade? high humidity layer boundary layer aquaporin layer   endokinesis layer none of the above   Turfgrass plants cool themselves through a process of transpiration which is essentially what type of process? Convection Evaporation Radiation Advection Reradiation     What are the two main types of floral induction (Hint: one stimulus is recognized in the crown and the other in the leaves)? low-temperature and photoperiodic short-day and long-day day-sensitive and day-neutral spring and summer induced and non-induced