1)

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is accelerated by

1.

plasmin

2.

plasminogen

3.

kallikrein

4.

complement

5.

thrombin

2.

The release of histamine from mast cells is activated by

1.

complement component C3a

2.

complement component C4b

3.

opsonin

4.

chemotaxin

5.

plasmin

3.

Type I hypersensitivity reactions results from the production of

1.

natural killer cells

2.

interleukin-2

3.

immunoglobulin E

4.

leukotriene D4

5.

thromboxane

4.

Prostanoids and leukotrienes are both formed from

1.

cyclic endoperoxides

2.

arachidonic acid

3.

linolenic acid

4.

lipoxins

5.

5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid

5.

Vasodilation and inhibition of platelet aggregation are the primary effects of

1.

prostacyclin

2.

prostaglandin E2

3.

thromboxane

4.

prostaglandin F1a

5.

prostaglandin F2a

6.

The formation of 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid is inhibited by

1.

montelukast

2.

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

3.

prostaglandins

4.

zileuton

5.

platelet-activating factor

7.

Leukotriene B4 causes

1.

coronary vasoconstriction

2.

vasodilation in most vascular bed

3.

bronchoconstriction

4.

bronchodilation

5.

chemotaxis and activation of leukocytes

8.

The structure of bradykinin is that of

1.

a prostanoid

2.

a nonapeptide

3.

a leukotriene

4.

a monoamine

5.

a glycopeptide

9.

It is postulated that bradykinin plays a role in

1.

peptic ulcer

2.

gastroesophageal reflux disease

3.

diarrhea

4.

inflammatory bowel disease

5.

gallstones

10.

Substance P, neurokinin A, and calcitonin gene-related peptide are partly responsible for

1.

neurogenic inflammation

2.

acute anaphylactic reactions

3.

septic shock

4.

rheumatoid arthritis

5.

coronary vasoconstriction

11.

Latanoprost is used clinically to

1.

dilate the pupil

2.

constrict the pupil

3.

correct strabismus

4.

lower intraocular pressure

5.

treat uveitis

12.

The treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension may include administration of

1.

prostaglandin F2a

2.

prostaglandin I2

3.

thromboxane

4.

misoprostol

5.

dinoprostone

13.

The release of arachidonate from cell membrane phospholipids is inhibited by

1.

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

2.

zileuton

3.

glucocorticoids

4.

histamine H1 receptor antagonists

5.

zafirlukast

14.

Activation of prostaglandin EP3 receptors leads to

1.

contraction of bronchial smooth muscle

2.

inhibition of platelet aggregation

3.

relaxation of gastrointestinal smooth muscle

4.

increased gastric mucus secretion

5.

contraction of uterine smooth muscle

15.

Intradermal injection of histamine produces a “triple response” in which the wheal is caused by

1.

dilation of small arterioles and precapillary sphincters

2.

increased permeability of postcapillary venules

3.

increased capillary permeability

4.

an axon reflex

5.

release of calcitonin gene-related peptide

16.

A bradykinin antagonist would be expected to

1.

cause vasodilation

2.

increase vascular permeability

3.

increase gastrointestinal fluid secretion

4.

contract intestinal smooth muscle

5.

decrease stimulation of nociceptive neurons

17.

During the induction of lymphocytes by antigen, the proliferation of T-helper-1 cells is increased by

1.

interleukin-2

2.

interleukin-4

3.

interferon-gamma

4.

tumor necrosis factor-beta

5.

glucocorticoids