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Florida Atlantic University PSY 4810 Chapter 2: 1)Which of the following is an example of a by-product of natural selection?   a

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Florida Atlantic University

PSY 4810

Chapter 2:

1)Which of the following is an example of a by-product of natural selection?

 

a.            calluses produced by friction

b.            yawning produced by being tired

c.             light produced by a light-bulb

d.            belly-button produced by umbilical cord

 

 

2.            The environment of evolutionary adaptedness refers to

 

a.            a specific period of human evolution when all adaptations emerged.

b.            a time when humans evolved toward a common ancestor with chimpanzees

c.             the contemporary environment that is necessary for an adaptation to emerge.

d.            the statistical composite of selection pressures that occurred during an adaptation’s period of evolution responsible for producing the adaptation.

 

3.            An evolved psychological mechanism

 

a.            is designed to take in a large slice of information.

b.            can generate output based on information solely external to the organism

c.             does not require input to tell the organism the adaptive problem it is facing.

d.            solved a specific adaptive problem throughout human evolutionary history.

 

4.            Your book described two strategies of generating and testing evolutionary hypotheses. Which of the following in not a step in the theory-driven or “top-down” strategy?

 

a.            evaluate whether empirical results confirm predictions

b.            derive hypotheses from existing theory

c.             develop hypotheses about adaptive function based on a known observation

d.            test predictions based on hypotheses

 

5.            According to your text, evolutionary theory guides researchers to several broad classes of adaptive problems. Which is the following in not one of those problems?

 

a.            problems of parenting

b.            problems of understanding psychopathology.

c.             problems of survival and growth

d.            problems of mating

 

 

6.            According to your text, one method of testing evolutionary hypotheses is to compare males and females. The reason this is a fruitful approach is because

 

a.            males and females consistently vary in their personality traits, thus confounding gender and personality differences.

b.            males and females have faced different adaptive problems over evolutionary history.

c.             gender identification is an important psychological feature in all (or most) cultures.

d.            the issue of paternalism is central to determining sex roles in all (or most) cultures.