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Carleton University ERTH 2415 Quiz 4: 1)In particularly active rock fall areas, large block walls are used to reinforce the hazard

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Carleton University

ERTH 2415

Quiz 4:

1)In particularly active rock fall areas, large block walls are used to reinforce the hazard.

a)            True b) False

 

Q2) An earth flow can occur after heavy rain and snowmelt a) True

b)            False

 

Q3) Avalances are ranked based on their size in a linear manner

a) True b) False

 

Q4) The Avalanche Canada is a non-government, not-for-profit organization dedicated to public avalanches safety. The website provides excellent information to public such as an avalanches map and advice for both skiiers and snowmobiles. Navigate to “backcountry resources Essential Gear”

You plan to do some backcountry snowboarding. You through you’re your backpack a 320 cm probe and a metal shovel. You keep the avalanche transceiver with your cell phone in your breast pocket.

True or False: You will be snowboarding in the safest way possible

a)            True

b)            False

 

Q5) On Avalanche Canada website, navigate to “snowmobiles: Avalanche basics”

You are in a pack of snowmobilers and your friend gets stuck in an avalanche run out zone. They are waiving at you to come and help them.

True or False: with respect to avalanche safety you should stay put. a) True

b) False

 

Q6) Hailstones grow in size and mass as they fall toward the ground

a) True b) False

 

 

Q7) The department of public safety operates the “Get prepared” website which provides useful tips to the public on how to prepare for a natural disaster, we will explore this information

Go to the “Floods” page.

 

If flooding is imminent, move furniture, electrical appliances to floors that are above ground.

a)            True

b)            False

 

Q8) Go to the “Tornado” page. On August 1, 2018 at around 05:40PM, Environment Canada issued a tornado warning for the City of Ottawa.

If you were caught in this tornado, you should take shelter in a small interior ground floor room or the basement.

a)            True

b)            False

 

 

Q9) Lightning bolts can travel from a cloud to an adjacent cloud a) True

b) False

 

Q10) Increasing the amount of precipitation increases the amount of infiltration

a) True b) False

 

Q11) The Canadian gov has a department, Enviro and Climate change Canada, whose mandate is related to a wide range of enviro issues. Here, we examine the information posted on their Seasonal weather hazards site. In 2005, a rainstorm in Toronto saw up to 250 mm of rain in less than 2 hours. The estimated cost of this event was over $500M.

a) True b) False

 

Q12) Enviro Canada maintains a website on seasonal weather hazards. We will examine the information on the website. You see a tornado that does not appear to be moving, it is likely either moving straight away or straight towards you.

a)            True

b)            False

 

 

Q13) Downcutting increases flow velocity by decreasing the gradient of the stream

a) True b) False

 

Q14) The above photo was taken in February 2018 in Grand River in Brantford ON. The photo shows a rain-on-ice backup flood.

a) True b) False

 

 

Q15) The equation for discharge is: Q= A * v

a)            True

b)            False

 

 

Q16) In the textbook, go to Ch.13 Mass movement In Greater Depth (pg.463).

Identify the FALSE statement:

a)            There have been no landside-related casualties since the early 

                1980s along this highway.

b)            This highway was once nicknamed the “sea-to-die” highway.

c)            There is a low frequency of debris flow at Brunswick Point and Snake Hill.

d)            Travelling along the Highway 99 is like getting a practical course in civil engineering.

 

Q17) You are responsible for providing an avalanche bulletin to travellers. For the area you are responsible for, you have determined that the potential for natural avalanches are possible and humans should be more cautious in steeper terrain. What rating on the international Avalanche scale to do you apply?

a)            Low

b)            Moderate

c)            Considerable

d)            high

 

Q18) In the textbook Ch.13 Mass movement > Human Focus: Jim Bay. Identify the FALSE statement:

a)            Jim Bay is fascinated by this discipline because he grew up in Revelstoke, B.C., which is known for dangerous avalanches.

b)            Gas exploders are a new tool that are permanently fixed high on the slopes to prevent unsafe buildups of snow.

c)            If an avalanche occurs, it is best to try to outrun it.

d)            Jim Bay is an expert in reading the snow, he is aware of subtle temperature changes, and understands how snow and wind interact to load a slope.

 

 

Q19) In the textbook, go to Chapter 13 Mass Movement… > Section Snow Avalanches (top of p452). Identify the FALSE statement

a)            A snowpack is commonly warmer than the surrounding air and  ground, which causes the snow crystals within the snowpack to transform.

b)            Several roads and highways in the Rockies feature “no stop” zones in known avalanche areas.

 

c)            A Size 4 Avalanche will have a mass of 10000 tonnes and will be able to destroy a railway car.

d)            The best mitigation strategy in the back country is avoidance.

 

Q20) In 2016, the CBC conducted an analysis of avalanche death rates. We will examine this article.

a)            Out of bounds skiing

b)            Back country skiing

c)            Snowmobiling

d)            Mechanized skiing

From the “CBC Analysis” > “Avalanche death rates on the decline as Canadians develop greater 'respect' for mountains” article

The activity with the highest proportion of avalanche fatalities for 2011- 2012 is:

 

Q21) From the CBE Analysis> Avalanche death rates on the decline as Canadians develop greater “respect for mountains” article, identify the FALSE statement:

a)            Since 1999, the 2008-2009 season had the second highest number of avalanche fatalities

b)            The majority of fatalities from avalanches in 2002-2003 occurred while individuals were back country skiing.

c)            From 1999-2016, the number of people doing activities in            

                avalanche prone areas has decreased substantially.

d)            Experienced skiers and mountaineers feel they have more control over risks in the backcountry than driving on the highway.

 

Q22) Wit respect to the diagram above, which of the following statements is FALSE?

a) the sinuosity is lower in A b) the flow speed is lower in A

c)            the gradient is not equal in both streams

d)            the distance traveled by the water is greater in B

 

 

Q23) Which sketch in the figure shows how the winds will deflect by the Coriolis effect in the Northern Hemisphere

a) Sketch A b) Sketch B

c)            Sketch C

d)            Sketch D

 

 

Q24) The rupture surface of a rotational slide is

a)            convex facing upwards

b)            convex facing downwards c) concave facing upwards

d) concave facing downwards

 

 

Q25) what type of flow is related to melting permafrost layers in northen regions?

a) Lateral flow b) Gelifluction

c)            Subsidence

d)            creep

 

 

Q26) Review from the text, go to Chapter 9 Severe Weather > Section Thunderstorms > What to Do and Not to Do in Case of Lightning (p298). Identify the FALSE statement.

a)            crouch and ball up, do not lie flat, and move to a low place

b)            stay 5 m apart from each other if you are outside with others

c)            do not touch a land-line based phone

d)            if you’re inside, stay by the window to monitor the storm

 

Q27) In the textbook go to page 369 and Identify the FALSE statement:

a)            After a flood, be weary when entering a house as there is a potential electrical hazard

b)            The radial gates of the London flood barrier are lowered into the water to disrupt the water flow

c)            Humans try to control flood waters by making channels. In several cities, rivers have their flood lined with concrete

d)            Levees are prone to subsurface erosion

 

 

Q28) In Greg Brooks lecture on the Saguenay. Identify the False statement:

a) The source of the Sables and Chicoutimi river is lake Kenogami b) During the flood, 6 of 10 dams exceeded maximum operating

spilling capacity

c)            The Ha! Ha! River flood was accentuated due to a dyke breach

d)            To mitigate against future floods, 65 km of floodplains were sterilized through buyouts and expropriatons

 

Q29) Go to the spring and summer hazards website by Enviro Canada, Identify the FALSE statement:

a)            “Straight-line” winds (not tornadoes) cause most thunderstorm wind damage

b)            Most tornadoes develop in the late afternoon and early evening c) A humidex of 30-39 is associated with great discomfort

d) There are 2 types of summer heavy rains

 

Q30) Im Greg Brooks lecture on the Red River, Manitoba flood. Identify the False statement:

a)            the Red River has a low gradient (~ 7 cm per km)

b)            the 1997 Red River flood was nicknamed the Red sea

c)            some houses are built on pads to avoid floods

d)            the Red River flood characteristics are a function of local landscape including hilly landscape