Minnesota State University, Mankato ETHN 101 Chapter 5 1)First Law of Thermodynamics a

Minnesota State University, Mankato

ETHN 101

Chapter 5

1)First Law of Thermodynamics

a.            Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

b.            Whenever energy is converted from one form to another at least some of it is dissipated, typically as heat, thus, in effect, available energy is always being lost.

2.            Second Law of Thermodynamics

a.            Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

b.            Whenever energy is converted from one form to another at least some of it is dissipated, typically as heat, thus, in effect, available energy is always being lost.

3.            Universals of Content

a.            Content of behavior does not vary from society to society.

b.            Class of behavior is the same but expression varies from society to society.

4.            Universals of Classification

a.            Content of behavior does not vary from society to society.

b.            Class of behavior is the same but expression varies from society to society.

5.            Natural resources

a.            Materials supplied by nature that are useful or necessary for life.

b.            Members of a population available for labor and ideas.

6.            Human resources

a.            Materials supplied by nature that are useful or necessary for life.

b.            Members of a population available for labor and ideas.

7.            Sustained Yield

a.            Maximizing returns on an investment, where benefits are characterized as profits and costs are characterized as externalities.

b.            The continuing yield of a biological resource, such as forestry or fishery crop, by special, controlled harvesting, usually aimed at a steady optimum yield.

8.            Maximize

a.            To increase or magnify to the highest possible amount or degree.

b.            To make the best or most of; develop to the utmost within constraints.

9.            Optimize

a.            To increase or magnify to the highest possible amount or degree.

b.            To make the best or most of; develop to the utmost within constraints.

10.          Constraint (or Limiting Factor, in ecology)

a.            Any variable factor of the environment whose particular level at a given time limits some activity of an organism or population of organisms.

b.            The physical ties that bind members of differing communities into an ecosystem’s flows of energy and matter.