The value chain includes costs from research to product design, to production, to marketing and sales, to distribution, and to customer support after the sale

The value chain includes costs from research to product design, to production, to marketing and sales, to distribution, and to customer support after the sale. Which areas of the value chain do you think should be included in calculating product costs and why? Where would the other costs be reported, if at all?

Embed course material concepts, principles, and theories (requires supporting citations) along with at least one scholarly, peer-reviewed reference in supporting your answer. Keep in mind that these scholarly references can be found in the Saudi Electronic Library by conducting an advanced search specific to scholarly references.

Use 4 reference 

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