Northern Arizona University

BIO 181

Final Review BIO 181

Quiz 1

1)Phosphorous is atomic number 15.  How many valence electrons does a phosphorous atom  have:

2. All except                              follow the octet rule (seek to have 8 valence electrons).
3. Why is the atomic weight of hydrogen listed as 1.0079 on the periodic table and not exactly 1.0000?
4. Two atoms have the same # of protons, but different numbers of neutrons. These atoms are:
5. Of the following atomic configurations, the one that has an atomic mass of 20 is the atom with
6. A single water molecule can participate in a maximum of                                                   hydrogen bonds.
7. Two nitrogen atoms held together in a triple covalent bond share                                                      electron(s)
8. Ionic bonds are
9. Nitrogen and Oxygen are defined as different elements because they have atoms with a different
10. A sodium ion with a +1 charge contains
11. The rough ER is the portion of the ER that
12. which of the following is found in prokaryotic cells?
13. The two major types of cells are
14. The “powerhouse” of the cell is?
15. The membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the:
16. Which of the following organelles contain “acid hydrolases” for breaking down macromolecules?

17. A prokaryotic cell does not have?

18. The pigment found in chloroplasts is

19. Mitochondria have?

20. Which of the following processes deliver material to lysosome?
21. In order for a membrane protein to be “transmembane” and traverse the lipid bilayer it needs the presence of what amino acids?
22. Increasing the number of carbons in the fatty acid chain of a membranes phospholipids will
23. The sodium–potassium pump
24. Which of the following is not a component of phosphotidylcholine?

25. Which of the following will spontaneously form bilayers in an aqueous environment?

26. To which of the following, is the lipid bilayer most permeable?
27. In biological membranes, the phospholipids are arranged in a

28. In facilitated diffusion:

29. Which of the following are part of Biological membranes:
30. When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, which of the following will occur?
31. When E2F is bound to RB
32. The molecules that make up chromosomes are
33. DNA replication occurs

8d9.uαr-inagndthβe- Sglpuhcoase differ in:

34. C₆H₁₂O₆ is a
35. Which of the following are polysaccharides consisting of glucose monomers?
36. Polymeric carbohydrates are made up of monomers called
37. Polysaccharides, polypeptides, and polynecleotides all
38. A glycosidic linkage is analogous to which of the following in proteins?

39. What is the difference between a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, and a polysaccharide?
40. The breaking of a glycosidic bond is
41. Which of the following linkages would you expect to find at a branch point in glycogen or amylopectin?
42. Humans can not digest cellulose because
43. During glycolysis, in the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate, for each glucose molecule:
44. How does the reduction of pyruvate to lactic acid during fermentation allow glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen?
45. The number of NADH molecules that are produced per molecule of glucose that is completely oxidized (glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle) is:
46. In the absence Oxygen (anaerobic metabolism), the number of ATP produced per glucose is:

47. In the presence of Oxygen (aerobic metabolism), the number of ATP produced per glucose is approximately

48. The chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation proposes that ATP is formed because of ATP is formed because of
49. the formation of one molecule of acetyl CoA from pyruvate is accompanied by the production of:

50. The mobile electron carriers in the electron transport chain are:
51. Which of the following cellular metabolic processes can occur in the absence of oxygen?
52. The first step of the Calvin Benson cycle involves CO₂ fixation. In this step, CO₂ combines with
53. Photosynthesis and respiration both pump protons across a membrane during
54. In noncyclic photophosphorylation, what is the source of electrons used to replenish chlorophyll molecules that have given up electrons?

55. Photosynthesis is divided into two main phases, the first of which is a series of reactions that requires the absorption of photons. The first phase of photosynthesis is a series of reactions that requires the absorbtion of photons by photo pigments. This phase is referred to as the
56. The energy source for the synthesis of carbohydrates in the Calvin-Benson cycle is:
57. The NADPH required for CO₂ fixation is formed by
58. The O₂ gas produced during photosynthesis is derived from
59. Which of the following occurs during the dark reactions of photosynthesis?

60. The net energy outcome of cyclic photophosphorylation is
61. The enzyme ATP synthase couples the synthesis of ATP to
62. Nitrogen has 5 electrons in its valence shell. How many single covalent bonds would you expect it to form in most circumstances?
63. Different amino acids, vary in which aspects of amino acid structure?
64. If all of the hydrogen bonds in a protein are broken, what level of structure will be preserved?
65. Polymerization of nucleotides to form a nucleic acid involves                                                                         .
66. Phospholipids interact with water such that?
67. Prokaryotes lack which of the following?
68. Glycolysis is active when cellular energy levels are                                                  ; the key regulatory enzyme of glycolysis (phosphofructokinase or PFK), is                                    by ATP
69. The proteins of the electron transport chain active in the light-dependent reactions                                                                                                                                                                                                         .
70. The egg of a fruit fly has 4 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in a somatic cell of a fruit fly?

71. Which of the following is important in the initiation of transcription?