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Chapter 9 the practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock for human use and consumption The cont mass of solid rock that makes up earths crust us policy in farm bills since 1985 that pays farmers to stop cultivating highly erodible cropland and instead place it in conservation reserves planted with grasses and trees ag that limits the amt of tilling of soil the prac of plowing furrows sideways across a hillside, perpendicular to its slope, to help prevent the formation of rills and gullies
Chapter 9
- the practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock for human use and consumption
- The cont mass of solid rock that makes up earths crust
- us policy in farm bills since 1985 that pays farmers to stop cultivating highly erodible cropland and instead place it in conservation reserves planted with grasses and trees
- ag that limits the amt of tilling of soil
- the prac of plowing furrows sideways across a hillside, perpendicular to its slope, to help prevent the formation of rills and gullies. The tech is named this bc the furrows follow the natural contours of the land.
- the prac of alternating the kind of crop grown in a particular field from one season or year to the next
- sediment consisting of particles less than 0.002 mm in diameter
- one of many country-based entities created by the Soil Conservation Service to promote practices that conserve soil
- land that humans use to raise plants for food and fiber
- a form of land degradation in which more than 10% of a lands prod is lost due to erosion, soil compaction, etc. severe desertification can result in the expansion of desert areas
- an area that loses huge amounts of topsoil to wind erosion as a result of drought and/or human impact; first used to name the region in the north american great plains severely affected by drought and topsoil loss in the 1930s.
- the removal of material from one place and its transport to another by the action of wind or water
- a substance that promotes plants growth by supplying essential nutrients such as nitrogen or phosphorus
- an intensification of the industrialization of agriculture in the developing world in the latter 20th century, dramatically increasing crop yields
- a distinct layer of soil
- the artificial provision of water to support agriculture
- planting different types of crops in alternating bands or other spatially mixed arrangements
- a fert that consists of mined or synthetically manufactured mineral supplements
- a form of agriculture that uses large-scale mechanization and fossil fuel combustion, enabling farmers to replace horses and oxen with faster and more powerful means
- a general deterioration of land that diminishes its productivity and biodiversity
- the process by which solid materials such as minerals are dissolved in a liquid and transported to another location
- soil with a relatively even mixture of clay-,silt-, and sand-sized particles
- the uniform planting of a single crop over a large area
- ag that does not involve tilling the soil. the most extreme form of conservation tillage
- us agency that promotes soil conservation as well as water quality protection and pollution control
- the consumption by too many animals of plant cover, impeding plant regrowth and the replacement of biomass
- a fertilizer made up of natural materials, including animal manure, crop residues, fresh vegetation, and compost
- the base geological material in a particular location
- land used for grazing livestock
- sediment consisting of particles 0.002-0.005 mm in diameter
- the buildup of salts in surface soil layers
- sediment consisting of particles 0.005-2.0 mm in diameter
- a row of trees or other tall perennial plants that are plants all the edges of farm fields to break the wine and thereby minimize wind erosion
- cross-section of a soil as a while, from the surface to the bedrock
- a deterioration of soil quality and decline in soil productivity, resulting from forest removal, cropland agriculture, and overgrazing of livestock
- a complex plant-supporting system consisting of disintegrated rock, organic matter, air, water, nutrients, and microorganisms
- the cutting of level platforms, sometimes with raised edges, into steep hillsides to contain water from irrigation and precipitaion. transforms slopes into series of steps like a staircase
- that portion of the soil that is most nutritive for plants and is thus the most direct importance to ecosystems (A horizon)
- biologically powered agriculture, in which human and animal muscle power, along with hand tools and simple machines perform work
- the physical chemical and biological processes that break down rocks and minerals, turning large particles into smaller particles
- the saturation of soil by water, in which the water table is raised to the point that water bathes plants roots. waterlogging deprives roots of access to gases, suffocating them and eventually killing them
Expert Solution
- agriculture
the practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock for human use and consumption
- Bedrock
The cont mass of solid rock that makes up earths crust
- Conservation Reserve Program
us policy in farm bills since 1985 that pays farmers to stop cultivating highly erodible cropland and instead place it in conservation reserves planted with grasses and trees
- conservation tillage
ag that limits the amt of tilling of soil
- contour farming
the prac of plowing furrows sideways across a hillside, perpendicular to its slope, to help prevent the formation of rills and gullies. The tech is named this bc the furrows follow the natural contours of the land.
- crop rotation
the prac of alternating the kind of crop grown in a particular field from one season or year to the next
- clay
sediment consisting of particles less than 0.002 mm in diameter
- conservation district
one of many country-based entities created by the Soil Conservation Service to promote practices that conserve soil
- cropland
land that humans use to raise plants for food and fiber
- desertification
a form of land degradation in which more than 10% of a lands prod is lost due to erosion, soil compaction, etc. severe desertification can result in the expansion of desert areas
- dust bowl
an area that loses huge amounts of topsoil to wind erosion as a result of drought and/or human impact; first used to name the region in the north american great plains severely affected by drought and topsoil loss in the 1930s.
- erosion
the removal of material from one place and its transport to another by the action of wind or water
- fertilizer
a substance that promotes plants growth by supplying essential nutrients such as nitrogen or phosphorus
- green revolution
an intensification of the industrialization of agriculture in the developing world in the latter 20th century, dramatically increasing crop yields
- horizon
a distinct layer of soil
- irrigation
the artificial provision of water to support agriculture
- intercropping
planting different types of crops in alternating bands or other spatially mixed arrangements
- inorganic fertilizer
a fert that consists of mined or synthetically manufactured mineral supplements
- industrial agriculture
a form of agriculture that uses large-scale mechanization and fossil fuel combustion, enabling farmers to replace horses and oxen with faster and more powerful means
- land degradation
a general deterioration of land that diminishes its productivity and biodiversity
- leaching
the process by which solid materials such as minerals are dissolved in a liquid and transported to another location
- loam
soil with a relatively even mixture of clay-,silt-, and sand-sized particles
- monoculture
the uniform planting of a single crop over a large area
- no-till
ag that does not involve tilling the soil. the most extreme form of conservation tillage
- Natural Resource Conservation Service
us agency that promotes soil conservation as well as water quality protection and pollution control
- overgrazing
the consumption by too many animals of plant cover, impeding plant regrowth and the replacement of biomass
- organic fertilizer
a fertilizer made up of natural materials, including animal manure, crop residues, fresh vegetation, and compost
- parent material
the base geological material in a particular location
- rangeland
land used for grazing livestock
- silt
sediment consisting of particles 0.002-0.005 mm in diameter
- salinization
the buildup of salts in surface soil layers
- sand
sediment consisting of particles 0.005-2.0 mm in diameter
- shelterbelt
a row of trees or other tall perennial plants that are plants all the edges of farm fields to break the wine and thereby minimize wind erosion
- soil profile
cross-section of a soil as a while, from the surface to the bedrock
- soil degradation
a deterioration of soil quality and decline in soil productivity, resulting from forest removal, cropland agriculture, and overgrazing of livestock
- soil
a complex plant-supporting system consisting of disintegrated rock, organic matter, air, water, nutrients, and microorganisms
- terracing
the cutting of level platforms, sometimes with raised edges, into steep hillsides to contain water from irrigation and precipitaion. transforms slopes into series of steps like a staircase
- topsoil
that portion of the soil that is most nutritive for plants and is thus the most direct importance to ecosystems (A horizon)
- traditional agriculture
biologically powered agriculture, in which human and animal muscle power, along with hand tools and simple machines perform work
- weathering
the physical chemical and biological processes that break down rocks and minerals, turning large particles into smaller particles
- waterlogging
the saturation of soil by water, in which the water table is raised to the point that water bathes plants roots. waterlogging deprives roots of access to gases, suffocating them and eventually killing them
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