Florida International University

SOP 4731

Chapter 11

Interpersonal Attraction and Close Relationships

1)Which of the following products or services does NOT capitalize on universal bases of attraction?

1. 1. makeup that covers skin blemishes
   2. photo­editing software that can mix different body shapes together
   3. creams that get rid of acne and pimples
   4. laser procedures that remove scars
   5. photo­editing software that can mix different faces together
2. Four single Japanese people are participating in a dating TV show. Three of them serve as targets, and they each spend time with the remaining person (the chooser). The chooser must then decide which person he or she wants to date. Which of the following people is the chooser most likely to choose?
   1. If the chooser is male, he will choose the one who is most similar to him.
   2. Regardless of gender, the chooser will choose the person with the average body.
   3. Regardless of gender, the chooser will choose the person who is most similar to him or her.
   4. If the chooser is female, she will choose the person who is most similar to her.
   5. Regardless of gender, the chooser will choose the person with the most bilateral facial symmetry.
3. Which of the following people would NOT be considered universally to be physically attractive?
   1. a person whose face does not have features of abnormal size
   2. a person with an average­size body
   3. a person whose left side of the face is the same as the right side of the face
   4. a person with blemish­free skin
   5. All of these people would be considered universally attractive.
4. Which of the following characteristics would one think is attractive, regardless of what culture he or she is from?
   1. blemish­free skin
   2. athletic body types
   3. people who are moderately similar to each other
   4. people who are greatly different from each other
   5. a body that is very average in terms of how much body fat one has
5. Jinro walks along the same street every day and sees the same red tree swing during his walk. The more he is exposed to this tree swing, the
   1. more likely he will become bored with it and find it unattractive.
   2. more he will like it if he is from a collectivistic culture, whereas the reverse would hold true if he is from an individualistic culture.
   3. more likely he is to recognize it correctly.
   4. more pleasant affect he will experience when processing it.
   5. less he will like it if he is from a collectivistic culture, whereas the reverse would hold true if he is from an individualistic culture.
6. According to the propinquity effect, which of the following people are most likely to become friends?
   1. Jaedong and Fox, who live in neighboring apartment units
   2. Betty and Bulma, who work in different departments of the same company
   3. Amy and Alyssa, who meet each other at the bus stop every day
   4. Malcolm and Maurice, two people who both drive the same model of car
   5. Lara and Lindsay, who are both psychology majors
7. Which of the following can be considered an accessibility universal?
   1. arranged marriage
   2. simpático
   3. the mere exposure effect
   4. market pricing
   5. love marriage
8. Homare is a Japanese student and Heidi is a Canadian student. They are both trying to make new friends. Given the findings from research comparing Japanese and Canadians, we would expect that
   1. Heidi, more so than Homare, would like a new person who is similar to her.
   2. Homare, more so than Heidi, would travel longer distances in an effort to find new friends.
   3. Heidi, more so than Homare, would persist in her friendship­making efforts longer, even when her efforts are not successful.
   4. Homare, more so than Heidi, would be more likely to be attracted to people with average faces.
   5. Heidi, relative to Homare, would be less motivated to form new friends, given her loyalty to her older friends.
9. Marina is going on a first date with someone who has moved to many different cities in the last few years. Marina’s date will like her the most if she
   1. exhibits a lot of simpático.
   2. dislikes local coffee shops in favor of national chain ones.

9. 3. has a heavier body shape.
   4. is low on relational mobility.
   5. has an interdependent self­construal.
10. Sending your boss a Christmas card after he had first sent you one would best be seen as an example of
    1. communal sharing.
    2. authority ranking.
    3. equality matching.
    4. market pricing.
    5. vertical collectivism.
11. You and a friend run into each other on the street, and you see that he is carrying a fish that he has just caught. You would love to get that fish home and cook it to make your wife happy. You and your friend agree that the fish is equivalent to the corn you are carrying in your bag. The two of you then exchange the fish for the corn before heading off to your respective homes. What is this an example of?
    1. authority ranking
    2. communal sharing
    3. market pricing
    4. equality matching
    5. big­gun diplomacy
12. An example of communal sharing is
    1. people exchanging Christmas gifts with each other.
    2. buying something from eBay, where the seller’s relationship with the buyer is independent of price.
    3. a family in which each person takes turns taking out the garbage.
    4. an office with a jar of coins, where workers can take or put in as many coins as they like.
    5. the elder of a community giving away his wealth.
13. A person says, “I do not need to maintain my friendships. I know that they will always be friends with me, and I will always be friends with them.” According to the textbook, this person is likely to
    1. engage in market pricing relationships.
    2. have more friends than enemies.
    3. not care so much whether a friend is like him or her.
    4. be naïve and immature.
    5. be in a relationship characterized by equality matching.
14. Trust toward strangers
    1. is unusually low among Americans.
    2. steadily decreases across the life span in all cultures.
    3. is correlated with feelings of self­esteem.
    4. is weaker in collectivistic cultures.
    5. fluctuates across the life span in all cultures.
15. What is Adams’s argument for why West Africans are more concerned about enemies than North Americans?
    1. Africa is a more physically dangerous environment than is North America, so that any harmful behaviors of enemies are potentially more dangerous to the individual.
    2. Africans have more of a prevention orientation than North Americans.
    3. North Americans only create relationships if they stand to benefit from them, and enemies are not a benefit to them.
    4. North Americans are more self­enhancing and are convinced that everyone loves them. Even though people often have enemies, they incorrectly perceive them to be their friends.
    5. None of these answers is correct.
16. Lumusi is a Ghanaian teenager who reports having more enemies than does her American counterpart, Lisa. According to research discussed in the textbook on Ghana, which of the following explains why Lumusi reports having more enemies than Lisa?
    1. There is more conflict in their lives, so Ghanaians need to be more wary about enemies.
    2. Ghanaians have more relationships than Westerners, so it follows that they will also have more enemies.
    3. Enemies are desirable in Ghanaian contexts, so people there seek them out.
    4. Ghanaians are less likely to choose their relationship partners.
    5. Lumusi may report having more enemies, but she actually does not.
17. Your friend feels that there are few opportunities for him to make new friends and that he is permanently connected to the friends he has. Knowing this, you can expect that your
    1. friend only has positive relationships.
    2. friend’s social circle is much larger than it would have been if he felt that there were many opportunities for him to make new friends.
    3. friend is choosier about the friends he makes than if he felt there were many opportunities for him to make new friends.

17. 4. friend only has negative relationships.
    5. friend does not prefer friends who are similar to him over friends who are less similar to him.
18. How does the similarity­attraction effect relate to the conditionality of one’s relationships?
    1. Both account for communal sharing.
    2. Both are accounted for by relational mobility.
    3. Similarity­attraction effect causes greater conditionality of one’s relationships.
    4. Similarity­attraction effect has a negative relationship with conditionality.
    5. There is no relationship between them.
19. Jeremiah has moved around to ten different states in the United States within five years due to his job. This means that, compared to someone who has not moved around at all before, Jeremiah will
    1. see his personality traits as more fluid and dependent on specific relationships.
    2. be more open to trying out different local coffee shops.
    3. be more unconditionally committed to the local sports team.
    4. buy more things from national chain stores.
    5. experience less similarity­attraction effect.
20. Because Juan Daniel, who is Latin American, scores very highly on a measure of simpático,
    1. only other Latin Americans will enjoy smooth social interactions with Juan Daniel.
    2. its impact will not be evident in Juan Daniel’s workplace.
    3. he socializes with people more than his European­American friends do.
    4. he is more likely to have an independent self­construal than an interdependent self­construal.
    5. he will exhibit a Protestant work ethic when he is in social situations.
21. Romantic love, discussed within the context of monogamous human relationships in the textbook, exists because it was evolutionarily advantageous for our ancestors. True or false?
    1. True—more children from parents who experienced romantic love survived to pass on their genes, compared to parents without romantic love.
    2. False—romantic love hindered an individual’s ability to spread one’s genetic material.
    3. True—romantic love led people to become more skilled hunters and gatherers, allowing for greater survivability.
    4. False—someone experiencing romantic love was more likely to hunt more dangerous prey than someone not experiencing romantic love.
    5. True—romantic love meant more sex with more partners, and this meant one would have a greater number of viable babies.
22. Romantic love was evolutionarily advantageous because it
    1. brought parents closer together to ensure survival of the child.
    2. allowed people to exercise their personal agencies.
    3. was a necessary foundation for marriages to have in order for the marriage to succeed.
    4. promoted relational mobility.
    5. led to greater social complexity.
23. Romantic love is
    1. a recent phenomenon in some human cultures.
    2. something that appears to exist in all cultures.
    3. a product of individualism and a concern with meeting an individual’s unique needs.
    4. something that grows with age until the birth of children.
    5. a product of collectivism and a concern with accommodating both parties in a relationship.
24. Which of the following is true about arranged marriages?
    1. Within every culture that has them, they are more successful in the long run, on average, than love marriages.
    2. In preindustrial societies, the most common form of marriage is parents choosing the partner, with the individuals unable to object.
    3. Rates of arranged marriages have been increasing over the past several years in India.
    4. Many preindustrial societies rely on love marriages rather than arranged marriages.
    5. Arranged marriages do not allow for love to develop because love in a relationship is dependent on the personal choice of partner.
25. Arranged marriages
    1. are associated with unhappy marriages for both men and women.
    2. are increasing in frequency throughout the world.
    3. are unusual in preindustrial societies.
    4. are less common in cultures with nuclear families as opposed to extended families.
    5. prevent love from developing.
26. Sanjay is an Indian male who has been in an arranged marriage for fifteen years. Sana is an Indian female who has been in a love marriage for more than ten years. Based on research by Gupta and Singh, which person is likely to be happier?
    1. Sanjay