Florida International University

SOP 4731

Chapter 10

1)According to the james lange theory of emotions which of the following precedes an emotion in a scenario where Ed meets his boss for the first time?the assumptions that Ed makes about past experiences with his previous bosses

1. 1. how Ed interprets his profuse perspiration upon seeing his boss
   2. the profuse perspiration that Ed experiences upon seeing his boss
   3. how Ed appraises an event, but only if the event is relevant to other people
   4. the disgust that Ed experienced upon seeing his boss
2. Which of the following is an example of someone defining emotions using the James­Lange theory of emotions?
   1. Ryan thinks he is in love with Cheryl because she makes him happy every time he sees her.
   2. Ryan thinks he is happy because it is one of the basic emotions.
   3. Ryan thinks he feels sadness because his long­time pet had just passed away.
   4. Ryan thinks he feels excitement because his heart was racing after having held his breath for a minute while under water in the pool.
   5. Ryan thinks he feels fearful of sharks because his heart was racing after he encountered a shark during his dive, and he knew that the shark was dangerous.
3. The facial feedback hypothesis most closely approximates what theoretical perspective?
   1. Ekman’s basic emotions
   2. James­Lange theory of emotions

3. 3. two­factor theory of emotions
   4. interdependent self­construal
   5. holistic thinking style
4. Leslie is going on a date and wants to maximize the likelihood of her date, Jessica, feeling happy about her. Leslie decides to take Jessica to watch a highly rated comedic film. Jessica feels very happy from the film, but attributes her happiness to Leslie. Which of the following explains Jessica’s attribution of her happiness to Leslie?
   1. James­Lange theory of emotion
   2. linguistic relativity of emotional experience
   3. universal emotions
   4. two­factor theory of emotions
   5. facial feedback hypothesis
5. Davina was walking on the street when she happened to glance into a flower store. Upon seeing a particular flower through the window, she noticed that her heart rate sped up. To her, an increased heart rate means that she is excited, so she concluded that she must be feeling excited right now. A two­factor theorist would     with her conclusion because                                                                                                                                       .
   1. disagree; emotions cannot be determined from interpreting psychological reactions
   2. disagree; she lacks the experience to determine what her psychological reactions mean
   3. disagree; increased heart rate has nothing to do with being excited
   4. agree; increased heart rate is always indicative of excitement
   5. agree; seeing flowers always leads one to have excited feelings about them
6. Based on the results from Schacter and Singer’s experiment on the two­factor theory of emotion, under which of the following situations would Darryl feel the most excitement?
   1. when he is with someone who is trying to get him to feel giddy
   2. when he eats a sugar pill that he was told would make him feel aroused
   3. when he ingests a stimulant that he was told would make him feel aroused
   4. when he ingests a stimulant that he was told would not affect his arousal
   5. when he ingests some stimulant that he was told would make him feel less aroused
7. Schacter and Singer’s study of emotions found that people
   1. sense clear physiological indicators of anger but not of euphoria.
   2. attend to situational cues to interpret their bodily sensations.
   3. who took epinephrine felt the strongest emotions.
   4. with independent views of self attend more to their bodily sensations than those with interdependent views of self.
   5. have an accurate understanding about the link between their physiological states and their emotions.
8. Which of the following is NOT one of Ekman’s basic emotions?
   1. pride
   2. disgust
   3. surprise
   4. fear
   5. All of these are basic emotions.
9. What can the basic emotions best be characterized as?
   1. nonuniversals
   2. at least existential universals
   3. at least functional universals
   4. ritualized displays
   5. display rules
10. Because Mariana, a Brazilian woman, had a terrible morning, she was very angry when she got to work at the office. As a result, her facial expression greatly resembled the basic anger expression. She walked by two coworkers on her way to her desk: Felipe (who is Brazilian) and Satoru (who is Japanese). Which of the following is most likely to occur?
    1. Both coworkers are equally likely to recognize that Mariana is angry.
    2. Neither coworker will recognize that Mariana is angry.
    3. Felipe is more likely than Satoru to focus on Mariana’s eyes in determining her emotional state.
    4. Satoru is more likely than Felipe to recognize that Mariana is angry.
    5. Felipe is more likely than Satoru to recognize that Mariana is angry.
11. Joon­ha, a Korean child, is trying to facially express that he is upset. Which of the following people would be best at identifying that Joon­ha is upset?

11. 1. Person A, who is American
    2. Person B, who is also feeling upset
    3. Person C, who is able to ignore contextual cues
    4. Person D, who is Korean
    5. Person E, who is expressing sadnes
12. Kartika abides by the idea that people should have emotional “smoothness.” This means that she
    1. feels no emotions.
    2. transitions easily from one emotion to another.
    3. has emotional highs and lows.
    4. tries to not have strong displays of emotions.
    5. thinks that people should consistently feel positive emotions.
13. Shawn displays something that can be characterized as being a ritualized display of excitement. What does this imply?
    1. Shawn had to practice a lot to be able to make this display.
    2. Shawn did not need to learn to make this display.
    3. Shawn dampened his expression of excitement so as to not upset those around him.
    4. People from other cultures likely cannot recognize that he is excited.
    5. This display is one of the expressions identified by Ekman and his colleagues.
14. The tendency for Indians to sometimes bite their tongues—an expression not recognized elsewhere—reflects
    1. feelings of sadness.
    2. a basic emotion.
    3. a reflexive emotional expression.
    4. a ritualized display.
    5. an accessibility universal.
15. An expression that is considered a ritualized display is best categorized as a(n)
    1. functional universal.
    2. existential universal.
    3. nonuniversal.
    4. accessibility universal.
    5. human universal.
16. Just for fun, Mary decided to tape the corners of her mouth so that she would appear to be smiling for the duration of that day. According to the facial feedback hypothesis, which of the following emotions is Mary most likely to experience as a result?
    1. happiness
    2. sadness
    3. anger
    4. disgust
    5. surprise
17. A classroom is full of European­Canadians and Chinese­Canadians, and they are all watching a movie that is intended to induce a lot of anger. According to research on cultural differences in anger responses, one would expect
    1. differences in the intensity of their facial expressions, but not in their emotional experiences.
    2. the Chinese­Canadian students to not show any physiological anger response, whereas the European­Canadian students will.
    3. differences in the rate at which their physiological responses will return to baseline.
    4. that the Chinese­Canadian students will show more of an extreme physiological response, despite reporting being less angry than the European­Canadian students.
    5. that the Chinese­Canadian students’ physiological responses will fluctuate much more than the European­Canadian students’ physiological responses.
18. Mike is an Asian­Canadian who just got shoved in the mall by another person. Compared to a European­Canadian who experiences the same thing, Mike is
    1. more likely to dampen his physiological response to this event.
    2. more likely to chase after the person who shoved him.
    3. less likely to understand what happened to him.
    4. less likely to understand why the man shoved him.
    5. more likely to raise the issue with security guards on duty.
19. Mototeru is a Japanese teenager who reports feeling very positive emotions. According to research by Kitayama and colleagues on emotions associated with happiness, what other emotions is Mototeru likely experiencing for him to feel such positive

emotions?

19. 1. respect
    2. shame
    3. positive interpersonally disengaged emotions
    4. negative interpersonally engaged emotions
    5. happiness
20. Comparisons of Surinamese and Turkish immigrants to Holland with mainstream Dutch citizens of Holland reveal that
    1. Surinamese and Turkish immigrants expressed more relational concerns than Dutch citizens.
    2. Surinamese and Turkish immigrants display their emotions more intensely than Dutch citizens.
    3. Surinamese and Turkish immigrants are less happy than Dutch citizens.
    4. Surinamese and Turkish immigrants who were more acculturated had more similar emotional experiences to Dutch citizens than did those immigrants who were less acculturated.
    5. None of these statements is true.
21. As an American exchange student in Japan, Michael is trying to understand the cultural differences that he is noticing. In particular, he finds that his new Japanese friend, Michiru, has very different emotional experiences than his European­American friends back home. Based on research regarding cultural differences in emotional experiences, which of the following is the likeliest difference for him to notice?
    1. Michiru experiences more respect than his European­American friends.
    2. Michiru experiences a broader range of emotions than his European­American friends.
    3. Michiru feels better than his European­American friends when he is experiencing respect.
    4. His European­American friends experience both shame and anger more than Michiru.
    5. Michiru reports feeling more intense positive feelings than his European­American friends.
22. Different languages from around the world
    1. all have words that correspond to the basic emotions, but often not for the nonbasic emotions.
    2. sometimes do not have emotion words that correspond with each of the basic emotions.
    3. may have words for the same emotions as in English, but do not necessarily experience those emotions similarly to English speakers.
    4. all have hundreds of words to express different emotions.
    5. all have a word for disgust.
23. Based on Kitayama and colleagues’ study of emotions among Japanese and Americans, one would expect that, between Jun, who’s Japanese, and Jerry, who’s American,
    1. Jun would feel more happiness than Jerry.
    2. Jun would feel more life satisfaction than Jerry.
    3. Jun would feel more anger than Jerry.
    4. Jun would feel more extreme emotions than Jerry.
    5. Jun would feel more shame than Jerry.
24. Research reveals that, in contrast to Westerners, the most desired kinds of emotional states among East Asians are
    1. low arousal positive states.
    2. feelings of group pride.
    3. feelings of interpersonal connection.
    4. future positive emotional states.
    5. purely positive affective states.
25. Which of the following situations would predict greater subjective well­being for Alex, who is from a collectivistic culture?
    1. Alex’s parents are doing very well in their business.
    2. Alex feels a great deal of excitement.
    3. Alex has a vast network of friends.
    4. Alex abides by his culture’s norms.
    5. Alex receives a prize from his school’s prize draw.
26. Based on research about the different roles and functions of happiness across cultures, how can one categorize the assumption that people necessarily want to be happy?
    1. It is an accessibility universal.
    2. It is a naïve pursuit.
    3. It is a nonuniversal.
    4. It is a functional universal.
    5. It is an existential universal.