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Homework answers / question archive / GG 101 DYNAMIC EARTH  FINAL EXAMINATION  Please answer any six (6) questions; each question = 20 points, thus total = 120 points

GG 101 DYNAMIC EARTH  FINAL EXAMINATION  Please answer any six (6) questions; each question = 20 points, thus total = 120 points

Geography

GG 101 DYNAMIC EARTH 
FINAL EXAMINATION 
Please answer any six (6) questions; each question = 20 points, thus total = 120 points. 
1. Continental drift is a component in the plate tectonics concept — discuss three criteria that support this idea that the continents were once joined but have since drifted apart, and are still drifting apart. 
2. "Civilization occurs with the consent of geology." So commented Will Durant, American historian... and as this question is written there has been another magnitude 7.2 earthquake near Nepal! We are watching the active process of mountain-building, in this case the Himalayas —field mapping documented instantaneous land uplift of over one meter (3.3 ft.)!! Incredible... tectonics at work. Contrast/compare the tectonic setting in Nepal with the tectonic setting here in Hawaii — similarities or differences? 
3. Wrapped and folded into the cyclicity of the earth are repeated natural processes that create, form, shape, and reshape this planet, especially the crust — a grand recycling. It is summarized best in the rock cycle. How does this work? Discuss the rock cycle (a good, well-annotated diagram is okay). 
4. The story of the earth is decoded from rocks. Rocks are composed of minerals. There are three kinds of rocks... discuss their differences. What are the definitions of a rock and a mineral? 
5. "...no vestige of a beginning, no vestige of an end..." so said James Hutton, Scottish geologist, who first realized that the rock record inferred a very long time-scale for the history of the earth. He recognized this without knowing absolute dates for the formation of the rocks he was referring to — in this he was applying one of the two methods that exist for dating rocks and the story those rocks describe, for understanding when a series of geological events occurred in their proper temporal sequence, for placing a succession of physical events together to tell a geological history without worrying about a specific date on when anything occurred. What is this method for dating called when the use of absolute time and dates of an event are not used? Mention at least two criteria that are used in this dating technique. 
6. Hazards from natural processes must be accommodated by contemporary society. Here in Hawaii those that have been most damaging are tsunami (a third of my 3nd grade class in Hilo were drowned in one such tsunami), earthquakes, and lava flows (during the past century six towns on the Big Island were buried by flows). But how to accommodate these? How do we live with them, design for them, predict them, escape them? 
7. The interior of the earth has a unique structure compared to other planets in this solar system —what is that structure? How do we know that since there is no way [yet] to dig/drill down there to see what that structure might be. 

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