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Estrella Mountain Community College PSY 101 Chapter 5 Test Two Chapters 5-8 1)is any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice

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Estrella Mountain Community College

PSY 101

Chapter 5

Test Two Chapters 5-8

1)is any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice.

a)            Learning

b)            Adaptation

c)            Memory enhancement

d)            Muscle memory

 

2.            The type of learning in which an organism learns to associate one stimulus with another is called              

a) operant conditioning.

b) classical conditioning.

c)            maturation.

d)            social-cognitive learning.

 

3.            The        is a response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning.

a)            conditioned response

b)            unconditioned   stimuli

c) unconditioned response

d) conditioned stimulus

 

4.            Watson’s experiment with Little Albert demonstrated that fears might be          

a)            based on classical conditioning.

b)            deeply rooted in the innate unconscious of infants.

c)            based on the principle of observational learning.

d)            based on Skinner’s analysis of positive reinforcement.

 

5.            Last month, Walter became sick after eating two chili dogs, so he no longer likes chili dogs.

Walter has experienced               

a)            blocking.

b)            conditioned taste aversion.

c)            operant taste conditioning.

d)            noncontingent conditioning.

 

6.            The type of learning in which the consequences of behavior are manipulated to increase or decrease the frequency of the behavior, or to shape an entirely new behavior, is       

a)            operant conditioning.

b)            classical conditioning.

c)            insight learning.

d)            social-cognitive learning.

 

7.            A consequence that brings about an increase in the frequency of a behavior is a(n)         ; a consequence that decreases the frequency of a behavior is a(n)   

a)            punishment; successive approximation.

b)            positive reinforcement; shaping.

c)            modeling; successive approximation.

 

d)            reinforcement; punishment.

 

8.            Skinner designed a soundproof apparatus, often equipped with a lever or bar, with which he conducted his experiments in operant conditioning. This has been called a       

a) reinforcement chamber.

b) Skinner box.

c)            rodent chamber.

d)            respondent behavior unit.

 

Chapter 6

 

9.            A framework for studying memory that uses the computer as a model of human cognitive processes defines the        

a) levels-of-processing theory.

b) information-processing theory.

c)            sociocultural theory of memory.

d)            social-cognitive theory.

 

10.          In terms of the processes of memory,   refers to transforming the information into a form that can be stored in memory.

a) storage

b) encoding

c)            metacognition

d)            retrieval

 

11.          In terms of the memory process, keeping the information in memory refers to                

a)            consolidation.

b)            encoding.

c)            storage.

d)            metacognition.

 

12.          Bringing to mind the information when you need it is referred to as       

a)            metacognition.

b)            storage.

c)            encoding.

d) retrieval.

 

13.          Raymond is required to learn long lists of numbers for his job. Because he wants to remember as many numbers as possible, he breaks the numbers up into groups. What technique is Raymond utilizing?

a)            elaboration

b)            rehearsal

c)            displacement

d) chunking

 

14.          The act of purposely repeating information to maintain it in short-term memory defines

 

a)            rehearsal.

b)            chunking.

c)            the method of loci strategy.

d)            the positive bias of memory.

 

 

15.          Coming up with memory tricks such as ROY G. BIV for the visible spectrum of colors and HOMES for Michigan’s Great Lakes are types of       

a)            mnemonics.

b)            repeated testing.

c)            spaced practice.

d)            recency effects

 

16.          The memory system with a virtually unlimited capacity that contains vast stores of a person’s permanent or relatively permanent memories is called              

a)            long-term memory.

b)            working memory.

c)            sensory memory.

d)            short-term memory.

 

Chapter 7

17.                          refers to the mental processes that are involved in acquiring, storing, retrieving, and using information.

a)            Imagery

b)            Perception

c)            Sensation

d) Cognition

 

18.          Laticia wants many things in a new apartment. She wants an outside balcony, a nice view, a gas stove, free internet and a workout room. She is going crazy trying to compare all the available choices. She decides that she won’t even look at any that don’t have free internet.

Laticia has decided to use the    

a)            heuristic method.

b)            elimination by aspects method.

c)            additive strategy.

d)            means and ends method.

 

19.          Patricia thought it would be lovely going out with Mark, as he reminded her of her Dad. She was disappointed to find out Mark was nothing like her father. She wished she had not made the decision to go out with him just based on the    heuristic.

a)            representative

b)            recognition

 c) algorithm

d) availability

 

20.          The failure to use familiar objects in novel ways to solve problems because of a tendency to view objects only in terms of their customary functions is called           .

a) the impediment theory

b) functional fixedness

c)            the formulaic heuristic

d)            an algorithm

 

21.          The sentences “The dog bit the boy” and “The boy was bit by the dog” have the same meaning, but differ in                 

 

a)            syntax.

b)            pragmatics.

c)            semantics.

d)            morphology.

 

22.                         languages like American Sign Language include  of the elements of spoken language structure.

a)            Gestural; none

b)            Physical; some

c) Gestural; all

d) Deaf; one

 

23.          Gardner and his associates are known for proposing      

a)            the generalized theory of intelligence.

b)            the triarchic theory of intelligence.

 c) the theory of multiple intelligences.

d) the theory of emotional intelligence.

 

24.          Which of the following correctly reflects the average IQ score?

a)            70

b)            85

c) 100

d) 115

 

Chapter 8

 

25.          According to Piaget,        is the realization that objects continue to exist even when they can no longer be perceived.

a)            reversibility

b)            overregularization

c)            naïve idealism

d)            object permanence

 

26.          The concepts of symbolic function, pretend play, and egocentrism are characteristic of Piaget’s stage.

a) postconventional

 b) preoperational

c)            formal operations

d)            concrete operations

 

27.          Understanding that an object’s mass, volume, or amount remains the same even if its appearance changes, provided that nothing is added or taken away in the process, is referred to as   

a)            object permanence.

b)            irreversibility.

 c) conservation.

d) symbolic function.

 

28.                         and        are the two forms of adolescent egocentrism studied by psychologist David Elkind.

a)            The personal fable; conservation

 

b)            Preoperational egocentrism; symbolic function

c)            The imaginary audience; the personal fable

d)            Reversibility; the personal fable

 

29.                         occurs when assistance is given to someone who needs it, but is then gradually tapered off as they perform the task on their own.

a)            Assimilation

b)            Naive idealism

 c) Scaffolding

d) Ego integrity

 

30.          Of the following researchers, who would be most interested in moral development?

a)            Erik Erikson

b)            Lawrence Kohlberg

c)            Sigmund Freud

d)            Harry Harlow

 

31.          In which of the following stages of psychosocial development do toddlers learn to exert their independence?

a)            generativity vs. stagnation

b)            industry vs. inferiority

c)            identity vs. role confusion

d)            autonomy vs. shame and doubt

 

32.          According to Erikson, searching for one’s identity begins in          with the               stage.

a)            adolescence; industry vs. inferiority

b)            adulthood; intimacy vs. isolation

c)            early adulthood; generativity vs. shame and doubt

d) adolescence; identity vs. role confusion