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Homework answers / question archive / George Washington University PUBH 6003 Online Quiz 2 (lectures 4-6) 1)Women in an urban community who were planning to become pregnant were recruited into a study about home insecticide use and pregnancy outcomes

George Washington University PUBH 6003 Online Quiz 2 (lectures 4-6) 1)Women in an urban community who were planning to become pregnant were recruited into a study about home insecticide use and pregnancy outcomes

Health Science

George Washington University

PUBH 6003

Online Quiz 2 (lectures 4-6)

1)Women in an urban community who were planning to become pregnant were recruited into a study about home insecticide use and pregnancy outcomes. The women were asked questions about their use of home insecticides and were also given personal monitors to wear to collect exposure data. The women were followed for two years and data about pregnancy outcomes were collected. What type of study is this?

a.            Prospective cohort

 

b.            Case control

 

c.             Retrospective cohort

 

d.            Case cohort

 

2.            Women who had a caesarean delivery and women who had a vaginal delivery were recruited from a hospital obstetrics ward to participate in a study looking at the association between type of delivery and exercise during pregnancy. After delivery, women were provided with a questionnaire to ask about their nutrition and exercise habits while pregnant. What type of study is this?

a.            Prospective cohort

 

b.            Case-control

 

c.             Retrospective cohort

 

d.            Nested case-control

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.            A study was conducted to determine the association between occupational benzene exposure and leukemia. Workers from 200 benzene factories and 80 control factories in China were study population. The workers had all been employed at the factories between 1985 and 2015. The researchers linked the historical factory employment records with mortality records to determine mortality from leukemia? Which of the following is true about this study?

a.                            It is a prospective cohort and an appropriate measure of association is the relative risk.

b.            It is a prospective cohort and an appropriate measure of association is the standardized mortality ratio.

c.             It is a retrospective cohort and an appropriate measure of association is a

 

standardized mortality ratio or relative risk.

 

d.            It is a case control study and odds ratio is the appropriate measure of association.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.            A cohort study examined the association of obesity in children and maternal smoking status during pregnancy. 660 women were enrolled, and it was determined that 538 of the women were non-smokers and 122 were smokers at the start of the study. Women were then followed for pregnancy outcomes, and children were subsequently followed with child BMI determined at 5 years old. There were 132 children with a BMI in the obese range and 528 children with a normal BMI. 64 of the smokers had children with a BMI considered as obese and 68 non-smokers had children with a BMI considered obese. What is the best interpretation for the measure of association for this study?

 

 

a.            Women who smoked during pregnancy have 4.2 times higher risk of having an obese

 

child than women who did not smoke during pregnancy.

 

b.            Women who smoked during pregnancy had 7.1 times higher risk of having an obese child than women who did not smoke during pregnancy.

c.             Children who were obese had 4.2 times higher odds of having a mother who smoked during pregnancy.

d.            Children who were obese had 7.1 times higher risk of having a mother who smoked during pregnancy.

 

 

5.            A case-control study examined the association of obesity in children and maternal smoking status during pregnancy. 132 children with a BMI in the obese range were categorized as cases and 528 children (who had normal BMI) were categorized as controls. 64 cases and 58 controls had mothers who reported smoking during pregnancy. What is the best interpretation for the measure of association for this study?

 

 

a.                            Women who smoked during pregnancy have 7.6 times higher risk of having an obese child than women who did not smoke during pregnancy.

b.            Women who smoked during pregnancy had 4.3 times higher odds of having an obese child than women who did not smoke during pregnancy.

c.             Children who were obese had 7.6 times higher odds of having a mother who smoked

 

during pregnancy as compared to children who were not obese.

 

d.            Children who were obese had 4.3 times higher odds of having a mother who smoked during pregnancy.

 

 

 

 

 

 

6.            A study was conducted to assess the effect of various types of stressors and depression among medical students. All registered students in years 1-3 of a medical school were enrolled in the study. The students were provided with a questionnaire that asked about academic workload, school environment, and perceived discrimination. Students were also asked if they had experienced symptoms of depression during the past academic year. Which of the following is true about this study?

a.            It is a prospective cohort and an appropriate measure of association is the relative risk.

b.            It is a case control study and an appropriate measure of association is the odds ratio.

 

c.             It is a case series and no measure of association can be determined.

 

d.            It is a cross-sectional study, and an appropriate measure of association is the

 

prevalence odds ratio.

 

7.            Which of the following is an advantage of a prospective cohort study?

 

a.            Most of them are relatively inexpensive and quick to conduct.

 

b.            They are ideal for rare outcomes that have a long latency period.

 

c.             People are less likely to be lost to follow up.

 

d.            It can establish temporality (meaning that the exposure preceded the outcome).

 

 

 

8.                            Suppose researchers want to address the question of whether new car safety features such as multiple airbags have made a difference in motor vehicle fatality rates. Which of the following study designs would best address that question?

a.            Case series

 

b.            Cross sectional

 

c.             Case control

 

d.            Ecologic –

 

 

 

9.            90,000 healthy women enrolled in a study to examine environmental effects and cardiovascular disease. All women had given blood samples at the start of the study. After the women were followed for 10 years, 1200 cases of breast cancer had developed. Investigators selected a random sample of 1200 women without breast cancer from the base population of 90,000 women. The blood samples of the 1200 women with breast cancer and the 1200 women without breast cancer were analyzed to determine the presence of DDT (a persistent environmental pesticide).  What type of study design is described?

a.            Case control study

 

b.            Prospective cohort study

 

c.             Case crossover study

 

d.            Case cohort study

 

 

10.          Which of the following is not a method of probability sampling?

 

a.            Convenience

 

b.            Simple random

 

c.             Systematic

 

d.            Stratified random

 

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