Foothill College - BIOL 45

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

Multiple Choice

1)Which of the following is a feature of vitamins?

1. Many serve in the role of enzyme inhibitors
2. Structurally, many are found linked together
3. Several may be oxidized to yield 4 kcalories per gram
4. The quantities present in foods are measured in micrograms or milligrams

      02. What is a precursor?

1. A conditionally essential vitamin
2. A sign or symptom of a vitamin deficiency disorder
3. A substance that is used to synthesize another compound
4. A substance that is recycled through the liver and intestines

      03. What is meant by the bioavailability of a vitamin in food?

1. The total amount available from plant and animal food
2. The amount absorbed and subsequently used by the body
3. The amount that escapes destruction from food processing
4. The number of different chemical forms of the same vitamin

      04. General characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins include all of the following except

1. they must be consumed daily.
2. toxic levels in the body are rarely found.
3. they are absorbed directly into the blood.
4. excesses are eliminated from the kidneys.

                        05. All of the following are general characteristics of the fat-soluble vitamins except

1. 1. excesses are eliminated from the kidneys.
   2. absorption is via the lymphatic circulation.
   3. several of them require protein carriers for transport.
   4. they can be stored in relatively large amounts in certain body tissues.

                        06. Which of the following vitamins would be removed in the production of skim milk?

1. 5. Thiamin
   6. Vitamin A
   7. Riboflavin
   8. Vitamin B12

07. Cooking a food in liberal amounts of water is least likely to affect the vitamin content of

1. 1. folate.

1. 10. thiamin.
   11. vitamin A.

1. 50. riboflavin.

08. What is the primary excretory route for the water-soluble vitamins?

1. Bile
2. Kidney
3. Intestine
4. Perspiration

      09. When thiamin is consumed in excess of needs, how does the body treat the excess?

1. Not absorbed
2. Excreted primarily in the urine
3. Excreted primarily in the feces
4. Stored in liver, bone, and adipose tissue

      10. What is a chief function of the B vitamins?

1. Antioxidation
2. Anticoagulation
3. Antibody stabilization
4. Coenzyme participation

      11. Which of the following explains why B vitamin eficiencies lea to lack of energy?

1. B vitamins are a source of kilocalories
2. Absorption of carbohyrates an fats is ecrease
3. Oxygen for energy metabolism cannot be transporte to the cells
4. Coenzymes neee for energy metabolism are prouce in insufficient amounts

      12. Which of the following escribes the basic function of a coenzyme?

1. Attaches to RNA to assist in the synthesis of an enzyme
2. Attaches to cell membranes to assist in uptake of an enzyme
3. Attaches to an enzyme an allows a chemical reaction to take place
4. Attaches to an enzyme, which allows for transport of the enzyme through the circulation

      13. Which of the following functions has a requirement for thiamin?

1. Bloo coagulation
2. Formation of re bloo cells
3. Energy release from energy-yieling nutrients
4. Formation of epithelial cell mucopolysaccharies

      16. Beriberi results from a eficiency of

1. niacin.
2. thiamin.
3. vitamin C.
4. vitamin B12.

      17. Which of the following is a property of thiamin nutrition?

1. Participates in activation of prothrombin
2. Poor sources inclue seafoo an cheeses
3. Significant amounts are foun in leafy vegetables
4. eficiency results in cheilosis an marke ermatitis

                        18. Which of the following iets is most likely to lea to beriberi?

1. 1. High intakes of white rice
   2. Low intakes of whole grains
   3. High intakes of unrefine rice
   4. Low intakes of enriche grains

                        19. The Wernicke-Korsakoff synrome may be treate with supplements of

1. 5. folacin.
   6. thiamin.
   7. vitamin C.
   8. vitamin B12.

1. Folate
2. Biotin
3. Riboflavin
4. Pantothenic aci

                              37. Riboflavin nees are more ifficult to meet when the iet is low in

1. meats.
2. grains.
3. vegetables.
4. airy foos.

      39. What type of container is best for protecting the riboflavin content of milk?

1. Airtight
2. Carboar
3. Transparent glass
4. Translucent plastic

      41. Which of the following is a property of niacin in nutrition?

1. It is susceptible to estruction in foos expose to light
2. It participates primarily in reactions involving amino acis
3. It is soluble in both water an lipis epening upon its chemical form
4. It can be synthesize in the boy from the essential amino aci tryptophan

      42. Which of the following properties is share by niacin an riboflavin coenzymes?

1. Unstable to irraiation
2. Unstable to metal cooking utensils
3. Acceptance an transfer of hyrogen atoms
4. Acceptance an transfer of carboxyl groups

      43. When the iet contains an aequate amount of protein, what amino aci can be use by the boy to synthesize niacin?

1. Lysine
2. Valine
3. Tryptophan
4. Phenylalanine

      44. Which of the following nutrients functions to prevent the appearance of a bilateral, symmetrical ermatitis, primarily on areas expose to the sun?

1. Niacin
2. Choline
3. Inositol
4. Riboflavin

         45. A low-protein iet in which corn is a principal foo has been foun to cause a eficiency of what vitamin?

1. 1. Niacin
   2. Thiamin
   3. Vitamin C
   4. Vitamin B12

         46. What vitamin eficiency isease appeare in people who ha subsiste on a iet high in corn an low in protein?

1. 5. Scurvy
   6. Pellagra

1. 7. Wet beriberi
   8. Pernicious anemia

      47. Which of the following is not among the common signs of pellagra?

1. iarrhea
2. ementia
3. ermatitis
4. esiccation

      48. A general niacin eficiency is known to be manifeste in abnormalities of all of the following organs/systems except

1. skin.
2. skeletal.
3. nervous system.
4. gastrointestinal tract.

         49. Which of the following substances is foun in corn an contributes to the evelopment of pellagra?

1. 1. Aviin
   2. Leucine
   3. Phytates
   4. Phenylalanine

                        50. Tryptophan can be use in the boy to synthesize

1. 5. FA.
   6. biotin.
   7. niacin.
   8. inositol.

      51. What term ientifies the characteristic tingling sensations an reening of the skin after ingesting a pharmacologic ose of nicotinic aci?

1. Niacin flush
2. NA ermatitis
3. Niacin erythrema
4. Bilateral symmetrical ermatitis

      52. Which of the following overt sie effect(s) is likely to appear after a person ingests a high quantity of nicotinic aci?

1. Constipation
2. Mental confusion
3. Painful, tingling, itching sensation
4. Hair loss, bloating, an photophobia

      55. The vitamin eficiency isease pellagra means

1. “rough skin.”
2. “paralyze limbs.”
3. “emente behavior.”
4. “flattene erythrocytes.”

      57. Your frien Jane just returne from the octor who iagnose her with a specific vitamin B toxicity. However, she oesn’t recall the name of the vitamin. Which of the following is the only possible culprit associate with toxicity symptoms?

1. Niacin
2. Biotin

3. Riboflavin
4. Vitamin B12

consiere a vitamin for human beings?

1. Biotin
2. Inositol
3. Lipoic aci
4. Orotic aci

                        62. Among the following, which woul be the best source of Niacin Equivalents?

1. 1. Milk
   2. Broccoli
   3. Chicken
   4. Strawberries

                        65. Biotin can be synthesize by

1. 5. aviin.
   6. the skin.
   7. the liver.
   8. intestinal bacteria.

      66. Which of the following vitamins is synthesize by intestinal bacteria?

1. Folate
2. Biotin
3. Cyanocobalamin
4. Pantothenic aci

                              78. All of the following are features of vitamin B6 metabolism except

1. a eficiency or toxicity leas to epression.
2. its estruction an excretion are promote by alcohol intake.
3. it functions primarily as the coenzyme pyrioxal phosphate.
4. it enhances physical performance when supplie at a level of l mg/g of ietary protein.

      79. Irreversible nerve amage has been reporte in people taking large oses of

1. vitamin B1.
2. vitamin B2.

3. vitamin B6.
4. vitamin B12.

                        84. Which of the following is an essential nutrient for human beings?

1. 1. Folate
   2. Inositol
   3. Methoxatin
   4. Lipoic aci

                        85. All of the following are properties of folate in nutrition except

1. 5. it is neee for proper functioning of vitamin B12.
   6. it functions primarily in the transfer of amino groups.
   7. the coenzyme of folate requires vitamin B12 to function properly.
   8. it requires enzymes on the intestinal mucosa to enhance its absorption from most foos.

      88. What fraction of women capable of becoming pregnant ingest the RA for folate?

1. ¼

b.   ¹/3

c.   ½

.     ²/3

      89. Research has shown that the risk for neural tube efects is lowere by taking supplements of

1. niacin.
2. folate.
3. vitamin C.
4. vitamin B12.

      90. Which of the following is a type of neural tube efect?

1. Scurvy
2. Beriberi
3. Pellagra
4. Spina bifia

92. Which of the following activities is share by vitamin B12 an folate?

1. Both are require for nucleic aci synthesis
2. Both require intrinsic factors for their release from foo proteins
3. Both are foun in significant amounts in green leafy vegetables
4. Both are consiere problem nutrients for strict vegetarians

      93. Which of the following vitamins is usually foun in a form that is boun to one or more glutamic aci molecules in foo?

1. Folate
2. Thiamin
3. Vitamin B6
4. Ascorbic aci

95. What is the most likely explanation for the impaire functioning of the GI tract resulting from folate eficiency?

1. 1. Since folate is require for bile synthesis, folate eficiency results in insufficient bile prouction, thereby promoting fat malabsorption an iarrhea
   2. Since folate functions, in large part, in the process of cell renewal, a eficiency slows mucosal cell replacement, thereby resulting in ecrease GI functioning
   3. The anemia of folate eficiency results in ecrease oxygen supply to boy tissues, with the intestines being particularly affecte because of their high metabolic activity
   4. Since folate functions, in part, in the synthesis of pancreatic igestive enzymes, a eficiency leas to ecrease enzymatic capacity in the intestines, thereby resulting in malabsorption

tract cells?

1. Folate
2. Niacin
3. Thiamin
4. Riboflavin

                        102.Which of the following substances is known to aversely affect folate utilization?

1. 5. Insulin
   6. Calcium supplements
   7. Regular use of antacis
   8. Vitamin B12 supplements

      104.The appearance of vitamin B12 eficiency symptoms may be elaye ue to high intake of supplements of

1. folate.
2. niacin.
3. vitamin C.

1. 1. Hemolysis
   2. Hypoxemia
   3. Hemolytic anemia
   4. Macrocytic anemia

                              110. Which of the following foos is highest in folate?

1. Meats
2. Starches
3. airy proucts
4. Green, leafy vegetables

1. folate.
2. selenium.
3. vitamin B12.
4. iron an copper.

      117. Which of the following is require for the absorption of ietary vitamin B12?

1. Bile
2. Lipase
3. Intrinsic factor
4. Carboxypeptiase

atrophic gastritis?

1. Choline
2. Vitamin C

3. Vitamin B12
4. Pantothenic aci

      121.What is the most likely reason for the evelopment of a vitamin B12 eficiency?

1. Inaequate intake
2. Increase excretion
3. Inaequate absorption
4. Increase losses in foo preparation

      122.A similar type of anemia is prouce when there is a eficiency of either

1. riboflavin or niacin.
2. vitamin B12 or folate.
3. thiamin or riboflavin.
4. vitamin B6 or vitamin B12.

         123.Which of the following is a common treatment for pernicious anemia cause by inaequate absorption?

1. 1. Injection of cobalamin
   2. Topical aministration of liver extract
   3. Oral supplements of B-vitamin complex
   4. A iet high in liver an green, leafy vegetables

                        126.Why are vegetarians at risk of eveloping a vitamin B12 eficiency?

1. 5. Vegetarian iets inhibit absorption of the vitamin
   6. Vegetarian iets provie insufficient amounts of the vitamin
   7. The fiber content of vegetarian iets causes ecrease storage by the liver
   8. The fiber content of vegetarian iets causes increase excretion of the vitamin

      127.Normally, the boy’s storage an re-utilization of vitamin B12 prevents a primary or seconary eficiency from occurring until after about

1. 3 ays.
2. 3 weeks.
3. 3 months.
4. 3 years.

      128.In a person who loses the ability to absorb vitamin B12, approximately what perio of time coul elapse before eficiency signs evelop?

1. One month
2. Six months
3. One year
4. Three years

      129.Pernicious anemia results from a combination of lack of intrinsic factor an

1. ariboflavonosis.
2. lack of hyrochloric aci.
3. lack of pancreatic vitaminases.
4. pharmacologic intakes of folate.

      130.Of the following foos, which woul be the only source of vitamin B12?

1. Pecans
2. Hot og
3. Cauliflower
4. Whole-grain brea

      133.Which of the following is not known to be require in the iet of human beings?

1. Folic aci
2. Lipoic aci
3. Ascorbic aci
4. Pantothenic aci

139.Which of the following characteristics is share by vitamins B6, B12, C an folate?

1. Require for glycolysis
2. Consumption prevents anemia
3. Require in microgram quantities
4. Foun in citrus proucts an legumes

1. Anemia
2. Smooth tongue
3. Abnormal liver function
4. Abnormal heart function

                              142.What is a free raical?

1. An inactive vitamin
2. An unphosphorylate vitamin
3. A molecule of unboun cobalamins
4. A molecule with at least one unpaire electron

1. Coenzyme for energy release
2. Cofactor in collagen formation
3. Cofactor with calcium in bloo coagulation
4. Coenzyme in the formation of re bloo cells

      147.The protein that requires ascorbic aci for its formation is

1. keratin.
2. albumin.
3. collagen.
4. hyroxyproline.

      151.John is looking to increase his ietary sources of vitamin C. However, he expresses a strong islike for all citrus fruits. Which of the following shopping lists woul you recommen?

1. Liver, yogurt, milk

2. Brussels sprouts, broccoli, strawberries
3. Banana, peanut butter, canne tuna fish
4. Whole grains, pork, fortifie corn flakes

                              152.Your brother Bob is a competitive boy builer. His trainer suggeste that he consume 4 egg white omelets per ay. Bob remembers a warning about a possible vitamin eficiency from consuming too many egg whites an asks if he shoul follow the prescribe iet.

Your reply to Bob is that he shoul not

1. be concerne as long as he consumes both the yolk an whites of the eggs.
2. follow the iet, since the aviin in the egg whites coul bin to niacin an prevent its absorption.
3. follow the iet, since the aviin in the egg whites coul bin to biotin an prevent its absorption.
4. be concerne, because, when the eggs are cooke, the aviin protein is enature, an thus oes not pose a problem for eficiency isease.

      153.People who smoke require aitional vitamin C in the amount of

1. 5 mg.
2. 35 mg.
3. 100 mg.
4. 200 mg.

      154.Which of the following is an early sign of vitamin C eficiency?

1. Bleeing gums
2. Pernicious anemia
3. Appearance of a col
4. Hysteria an epression

      155.Which of the following symptoms is inicative of a eficiency of vitamin C?

1. Hair loss
2. Muscle spasms
3. Bilateral symmetrical ermatitis
4. Subcutaneous pinpoint hemorrhages

156.What boy organ contains the highest amount of vitamin C?

1. Liver
2. Spleen
3. Arenal glans
4. Skeletal muscle

1. Milk group
2. Meat group

3. Fruit group
4. Brea-cereal group

      160.Which of these meals is lowest in vitamin C?

1. Roast beef, carrots, nooles, an tea
2. Hot og, cabbage, french fries, an milk
3. Roast beef, broccoli, nooles, an coffee
4. Spaghetti with tomato sauce, meatball, garlic brea, an re wine

161.Which of the following woul be a very goo source of vitamin C for the lacto-ovo- vegetarian?

1. Milk
2. Eggs
3. Broccoli
4. Whole-grain brea

      162.What foo makes a significant contribution to vitamin C intakes in the U.S. population espite the moest vitamin C concentration?

1. Potatoes
2. Organ meats
3. Breae fish
4. Whole-grain cereals

163.What term is use to escribe the outcome of a iagnostic test that apparently shows that you have mononucleosis when in reality you o not?

1. 1. True positive
   2. True negative
   3. False positive
   4. False negative

         164.What term escribes the outcome of a iagnostic test that apparently inicates that you o not have an infection when in reality you o?

1. 5. True positive
   6. True negative
   7. False positive
   8. False negative

                        165.Which of the following woul be the poorest ietary source of vitamin C?

1. 1. Liver
   2. Potatoes
   3. Whole grains
   4. Cruciferous vegetables

         166.People with the conition known as iron overloa may be aversely affecte from taking supplements of

1. 5. niacin.
   6. retinol.
   7. cobalamin.
   8. ascorbic aci.

169.A vitamin supplement labele as “high potency” contains an amount that is

1. 50% of the aily Value.
2. equal to the UL.

3. 100% or more of the RA.
4. up to 200% of the aily Value.

      172.A person who shuns airy an spens most of her time inoors woul likely benefit from a supplement of

1. vitamin A.
2. vitamin B6.
3. vitamin C.
4. vitamin .