Walsingham Academy - SCIENCE 101

CHAPTER 15: THE WAR OF THE UNION, 1861-1865

TRUE/FALSE

1)Lincoln stressed repeatedly that the “paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union.”

2. Four states joined the Confederacy after the outbreak of actual fighting.

3. Every state that had legal slavery seceded.

4. The North’s victory in the Civil War was guaranteed because the South enjoyed no significant advantages over the Union.

5. The First Battle of Bull Run was a Union defeat.

6. Union forces suffered defeat at Shiloh due to Grant’s heavy drinking.

7. The Battle of Antietam marked the bloodiest single day of the Civil War.

8. Lincoln replaced McClellan as Union commander because McClellan was overly aggressive.

9. For many American women, the Civil War loosened traditional restraints on female activity.

10. Congress in 1862 resorted to printing paper money to address the shortfall in tax revenues.

11. Copperheads were members of the extreme fringe of the peace wing of the Democratic party.

12. General Grant’s strategy was to relentlessly attack the Confederates and focus on crippling the Rebel armies.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. What effect did the Union naval blockade of southern ports have on the Confederacy?
   1. It did not have much effect, since commerce continued mostly unmolested.
   2. It quickly choked off southern commercial activity.
   3. It inspired dramatic southern economic growth since the South was forced to become self- sufficient.
   4. Food prices declined as the economy slowed.
   5. It prompted Britain to offer diplomatic recognition to the Confederacy.

2. The argument that the Civil War began primarily as a southern fight to defend liberty and the right of self-government is unsatisfactory because:
   1. the Union already claimed to be fighting to defend liberty and self-government
   2. southerners never claimed to be concerned with liberty and self-government
   3. the South established a monarchy after secession
   4. the Confederacy envisioned a dictatorship as the ideal government
   5. it ignores the actual reason—slavery—southern leaders used in 1860–1861 to justify secession and war.

3. All of the following slave states remained in the Union EXCEPT:
   1. Maryland                                                d. Delaware
   2. Kentucky                                                  e.   Missouri
   3. Tennessee

4. All of the following were advantages the North held over the South EXCEPT:
   1. more experienced military leaders        d. transportation resources
   2. a larger population                                 e.   naval strength
   3. industrial development

5. The South had a chance to win the Civil War despite substantial northern advantages because:
   1. it immediately attacked Washington, D.C.
   2. it mobilized women to fight in the conflict
   3. it was equal to the North in manpower if you count the slaves
   4. the North needed southern markets to maintain its economic advantage
   5. it had the advantage of fighting a defensive war

6. At the beginning of the Civil War, the North:
   1. generated less farm production than the South
   2. had about the same extent of railroad development as the South
   3. produced almost 60 percent of the nation’s manufactures
   4. had an edge of about 4 to 1 in potential manpower
   5. had fewer ships and firearms than the South

7. The first real battle of the war:
   1. was the First Battle of Bull Run
   2. was the Battle of Harpers Ferry
   3. was a victory for the Union forces at Antietam
   4. resulted in the death of General Albert S. Johnston in Atlanta
   5. made both sides think victory would be quick and easy

8. One of the reasons that the First Battle of Bull Run was such a sobering experience for both North and South was that both sides
   1. fled the battlefield before the battle was decided
   2. mutinied against their leader
   3. tried to surrender after the first exchange of fire
   4. realized they were not willing to fight a long war
   5. underestimated the other’s strength and tenacity

9. What does the “Anaconda” Plan refer to?
   1. It was the name of the South’s strategy to choke northern industry.
   2. It was a strategy of passive resistance among slaves to strangle the southern plantation economy from within.
   3. It was the name of Britain’s strategy to get the two sides to slither to the negotiating table

and achieve a lasting peace.

1. 4. It was the initial three-pronged Union strategy that included, among other things, a blockade of the southern coast to strangle the South.
   5. It proposed to use biological warfare against the South developed from the poisonous

venom of snakes.

10. Much of the Confederacy’s diplomatic efforts were aimed at:
    1. Britain                                                     d.   Spain
    2. Egypt and India                                       e.   China
    3. South America

11. All of the following were strategies used to build the armies of the Civil War except:
    1. calling for volunteers
    2. implementing a draft
    3. kidnapping recent immigrants
    4. allowing former military personnel to reenlist
    5. using currently enlisted military personnel

12. Draftees on either side who chose not to serve had which one of the following legal options?
    1. They could hire a substitute.
    2. They could leave the country.
    3. They could volunteer for community service instead.

1. 4. They could claim insanity.
   5. They could claim to be a pacifist.

13. Which of the following statements accurately describes the response of increasing numbers of enslaved blacks in the South as the Civil War dragged on?
    1. They volunteered to help the Confederacy.
    2. They remained neutral.
    3. They worked in a variety of ways to undermine and weaken the Confederacy.
    4. They fled to Canada.
    5. They enslaved their former masters.

14. Fighting along the Kansas-Missouri border:
    1. pitted Indian tribes against each other
    2. featured brutal guerrilla warfare
    3. produced the war’s highest casualties
    4. brought Grant to Lincoln’s attention
    5. gave Confederates control of the West

15. Why is the battle at Fort Donelson significant?
    1. It was the site of the most important battle in the eastern theater before 1864.
    2. It was an important Union fortification on the Great Lakes.
    3. It fell to Robert E. Lee in 1863.
    4. It was the site of the first major Union victory.
    5. When captured, it gave the Union full control of the Mississippi.

16. All of the following are true about the Battle of Antietam EXCEPT:
    1. the Confederates were outnumbered more than 3 to 1
    2. it was the bloodiest single day of the war
    3. McClellan vigorously pursued the retreating Lee
    4. Lee hoped a victory would gain the Confederacy foreign recognition
    5. it helped inspire Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

17. Which of the following statements best describes the Civil War at the end of 1862?

1. 1. Union troops had a definite edge in the East.
   2. Union troops had a definite edge in the West.
   3. After the decisive victories at Fredericksburg and Antietam, Union officers anticipated a quick end to the war.
   4. The war in the East was a virtual deadlock.
   5. The recruitment of black troops had given the North a huge advantage.

18. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the nature of the Civil War?
    1. It freed all the slaves, including those in the border states that remained loyal to the Union.
    2. It put the momentum squarely on the side of the Confederacy.
    3. It prompted the Confederacy to surrender.
    4. It caused the remaining border states to leave the Union and join the Confederacy.
    5. It transformed the Civil War from a war to restore the Union to a struggle over slavery.

19. The Emancipation Proclamation:
    1. called for a slave uprising
    2. was justified by Lincoln as a military necessity
    3. hurt U.S. relations with Britain and France
    4. immediately freed every slave
    5. reflected Lincoln’s changing views on the morality of slavery

20. All of the following statements about the formation of black army units are true EXCEPT:
    1. black army units never saw any significant action
    2. the U.S. War Department Bureau of Colored Troops recruited free blacks and freed slaves, 80 percent of whom came from Southern states
    3. blacks were paid less than their white counterparts
    4. blacks could not be commissioned officers
    5. only after the Emancipation Proclamation did the Union army recruit blacks in large numbers

21. Slavery was ultimately eradicated by:
    1. the Emancipation Proclamation             d.   an act of Congress
    2. Lee’s surrender                                       e.   divine intervention
    3. the Thirteenth Amendment

22. Of all the women who served during the war, some 20,000 did so as:
    1. soldiers and guerrillas
    2. spies and double agents
    3. cooks and washers
    4. nurses and other health-related volunteers
    5. chaplains and rabbis

23. Congress did all of the following during the war EXCEPT:
    1. ban foreign immigration
    2. approve a transcontinental railroad
    3. raise tariff rates
    4. pass a Homestead Act
    5. establish state colleges teaching “agriculture and mechanic arts”

24. By late in the war, food in the Confederacy:
    1. was imported from England
    2. remained plentiful
    3. could not be purchased with paper money
    4. was outrageously expensive
    5. was limited to vegetables

25. To deal with disloyalty, Lincoln sometimes:
    1. had traitors shot                                     d. suspended habeas corpus
    2. postponed elections                                e.   declared a temporary dictatorship
    3. shut down the press

26. Why did Confederate President Jefferson Davis’s greatest challenges come from other southern politicians?
    1. They all coveted the office of the presidency.
    2. They were not enthusiastic supporters of the war.
    3. Their insistence on states’ rights made it difficult for the Confederate government to exert its authority.
    4. They were all Republicans and Whigs.
    5. They objected to Davis’s efforts to end slavery.

27. At the Battle of Chancellorsville:
    1. the Union turned back a Confederate invasion
    2. Lee displayed his typical caution
    3. Lee gave Hooker a lesson in the art of “elusive mobility”
    4. black troops turned the tide for the Union
    5. General Hooker delivered the big victory Lincoln had been seeking

28. All of the following battles resulted in Confederate victories EXCEPT:
    1. Vicksburg                                                d. Chancellorsville
    2. First Bull Run                                           e.   Fredericksburg
    3. Second Bull Run

29. At Gettysburg, the Confederate army:
    1. was repulsed with terrible losses
    2. broke through the Union center
    3. captured the town of Gettysburg, with its valuable supplies
    4. led the Confederate retreat
    5. was sent south to relieve Vicksburg

30. As Union commander, Grant was best characterized by his:
    1. tactical caution
    2. alcoholism
    3. ability to train and inspire troops
    4. belief the war would be won in the West
    5. plan to relentlessly attack

31. At Petersburg:
    1. the Confederates finally had superior numbers
    2. Grant put the Confederates under siege
    3. the armies fought in a burning forest
    4. Lee received plentiful reinforcements
    5. a victory boosted Confederate morale

32. Hood’s attack at Franklin:
    1. led to his army’s slaughter
    2. forced Sherman to abandon Atlanta
    3. made him one of the South’s greatest heroes
    4. recaptured key rail lines
    5. restored Tennessee to Confederate control

33. More than any other general, William T. Sherman recognized:
    1. the connection between the South’s economy, its morale, and its ability to wage war
    2. the greatness of the Confederate army
    3. that the South would never unconditionally surrender
    4. the need to march through Georgia with respect for the Confederacy
    5. the need to kill masses of enemy civilians

34. At Appomattox Court House:
    1. Jefferson Davis was captured
    2. Joseph Johnston led his last attack against Sherman
    3. the last battle of the war took place
    4. Lee surrendered to Grant
    5. the Confederates shifted to guerrilla warfare

35. The military death toll in the Civil War was roughly:
    1. 1 million                                                  d. 750,000
    2. 140,000                                                   e.   2 million

c.                                375,000

36. Which of the following is NOT true of the Civil War?
    1. Over 600,000 died.
    2. One out of every twelve men served in the war.
    3. “Rifled” guns contributed to the killing.
    4. American losses were greater than in World War II.
    5. Most of the deaths occurred in battle.