Louisiana State University - HIST 2055

Chapter 5 From Empire to Independence

TRUE/FALSE

1)George Grenville continued the policy of “salutary neglect.”

2. The Quartering Act required the colonies to provide provisions and barracks for British soldiers.

3. The Sugar Act affected more Americans than the Stamp Act and therefore generated more protest.

4. The Stamp Act placed the first tax on the new colonial postal system.

5. John Adams defended the British soldiers accused of murder in the Boston Massacre.

6. The Townshend duties brought in more revenue than the Stamp Act.

7. The Gaspee incident involved the burning of a grounded British patrol boat.

8. The Coercive Acts were called the “Intolerable Acts” in the colonies.

9. Colonial boycotts had limited popular support and no significant effects on British trade.

10. The Continental Association was created to enforce an American boycott of British goods.

11. The fighting at Lexington and Concord started the Revolutionary War.

12. George Washington led the colonial militias at Lexington and Concord.

13. The German mercenaries hired to fight the American rebels were known as the Prussians.

14. John and Sam Adams, the “Patriot brothers of Philadelphia,” urged their fellow colonists to reject the arguments of Common Sense.

15. Thomas Jefferson was the chief author (or “draftsman”) of the Declaration of Independence.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. As a result of the French and Indian War:
   1. a sense of American nationalism was developing
   2. Americans needed the British more than ever
   3. American trade ended with the French West Indies
   4. the British allowed the colonists more self-governance
   5. a new series of religious revivals was started

2. The triumph of what Britain called the Great War saw Americans:
   1. very nervous about their own future
   2. compassionate toward the French
   3. jealous of British military power
   4. turn their anger on the king
   5. celebrating as joyously as Londoners

3. Determined to rule in his own right, George III:
   1. relied heavily on Whig politicians to help him rule the empire
   2. ousted the powerful William Pitt as prime minister and established his own inner circle of obedient advisers
   3. turned to his military officers for help on all subjects
   4. ordered all previous government officials fired
   5. followed the example of Charles I and dissolved Parliament

4. During the 1760s, under George III:
   1. the Whigs increased their political dominance
   2. a series of ineffective prime ministers headed the government
   3. the monarch served as a mere figurehead
   4. Britain lost most of its overseas empire
   5. the theory of divine right monarchy gained new strength

5. The Royal Proclamation of 1763:
   1. caused Pontiac’s Rebellion
   2. gave Florida back to Spain
   3. imposed new taxes on imports
   4. lowered taxes on the colonies
   5. prohibited American settlement west of the Appalachians

6. One of the chief objectives of policy under George Grenville was to:
   1. continue the practice of “salutary neglect”
   2. require jury trials for American smugglers
   3. challenge the authority of the king
   4. reduce Britain’s enormous debt
   5. give colonial assemblies more power

7. The Sugar Act of 1764:
   1. legalized trade with the French West Indies
   2. taxed imports in order to raise revenue
   3. doubled the existing tax on molasses
   4. aimed to reduce rum drinking in the colonies
   5. taxed sugar refined in the colonies

8. The Quartering Act required Americans to:
   1. do military service
   2. surrender their weapons
   3. pay higher taxes
   4. be loyal to England
   5. house and feed British soldiers

9. The Currency Act of 1764:
   1. prohibited the colonies from making their currency legal tender
   2. created terrible inflation in the colonies
   3. was designed to ease the shortage of hard money in the colonies
   4. said that lenders had to accept paper money in payment of debts

1. 5. changed the name of the basic monetary unit to “dollar” from “pound”

10. The writings of the “Real Whigs”:
    1. supported the policies of Grenville
    2. were inspired by John Locke
    3. supported the Quartering Act
    4. were inspired by Benjamin Franklin
    5. supported increasing the power of the king

11. The 1765 Stamp Act:
    1. required revenue stamps on legal and commercial documents
    2. was approved by the colonial assemblies
    3. directly affected only a few Americans
    4. soothed American fears of standing armies
    5. raised a lot of money for the crown

12. In response to the Stamp Act, the Sons of Liberty:
    1. attacked British soldiers
    2. authored the Virginia Resolves
    3. engaged in mob violence
    4. organized the Stamp Act Congress
    5. were disbanded

13. The Stamp Act Congress:
    1. ended the boycott on British goods
    2. forced the resignation of George Grenville
    3. encouraged violent resistance to British policy
    4. debated whether the colonists should declare independence
    5. petitioned the British to repeal the Stamp Act

14. The Declaratory Act of 1766:
    1. required Americans to declare loyalty to the crown
    2. recognized the principle of “no taxation without representation”
    3. repealed all prior British taxes
    4. reasserted the government’s right to tax the colonists
    5. gave Americans some seats in Parliament

15. In response to American protests, in 1766 Parliament:
    1. gave Americans representation in the House of Commons
    2. removed British troops from the colonies
    3. blamed George III for its mistaken policies
    4. issued an official apology

1. 5. repealed the Stamp Act

16. News of the repeal of the Stamp Act:
    1. was greeted with caution in the colonies
    2. set off excited demonstrations throughout the colonies
    3. set off excited demonstrations throughout Britain
    4. ended the tension between colonists and Parliament
    5. caused Americans to have contempt for George III

17. Which of the following is NOT true of the Townshend duties?
    1. The colonists were further antagonized.
    2. A number of colonial imports were taxed.
    3. British manufacturing was hurt because British exports were taxed.
    4. They were designed to raise revenue for the crown.
    5. The shipbuilding industry was hurt as imports and exports decreased.

18. In the long run, the most important item taxed by the Townshend Acts was:
    1. lumber
    2. rum
    3. tea
    4. tobacco
    5. paint

19. One of the special objections of the colonists to the Revenue Act of 1767 was that the:
    1. taxes were internal rather than external
    2. taxes did not raise enough revenue to pay the debts of the war
    3. revenue raised could be used to pay governors and other colonial officials and thus release those officials from dependence on the colonial assemblies
    4. colonial assemblies themselves were required to oversee the collection of the taxes
    5. British customs officials were no longer susceptible to bribery

20. “Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania”:
    1. argued that Parliament could pass internal, but not external, taxes
    2. argued that Parliament had no right to levy taxes for revenue
    3. were a protest against the Tea Act of 1773
    4. were a major factor in the repeal of the Stamp Act
    5. argued that no more food should be exported to England

21. The Bostonian described as the “supreme genius of revolutionary agitation” was:
    1. James Otis
    2. Samuel Adams

1. 3. John Dickinson
   4. John Adams
   5. Paul Revere

22. As a result of the Boston Massacre:
    1. dozens of Americans were killed by the British
    2. the Sons of Liberty adopted peaceful methods
    3. Sam Adams defended the British soldiers
    4. all but two of the British defendants were acquitted
    5. Americans now quietly paid their taxes

23. The Boston Massacre:
    1. developed in protest to the Boston Tea Party
    2. involved the slaughter of slaves in Boston by British troops
    3. quieted protest due to the fear it provoked in Americans
    4. resulted in the deaths of numerous Bostonians and redcoats
    5. grew out of crowd reaction and heckling of British soldiers in Boston

24. In Pennsylvania, the Paxton Boys:
    1. killed and threatened peaceful Indians
    2. employed mob violence against British officials
    3. used vigilante justice against local criminals
    4. demanded that the governor reduce taxes
    5. tended to support British policy

25. The so-called Regulator movement involved:
    1. attempts to push the colonies into an early war of independence against the British
    2. efforts to control Parliamentary taxation
    3. demands by people in the backcountry for more effective and responsive government
    4. the refusal of people in the backcountry to pay taxes to support the government of Britain
    5. calls for more honest and effective British regulation of trade

26. When the British ship Gaspee ran aground in Rhode Island, the local population:
    1. burned it
    2. claimed it
    3. rescued its crew
    4. pillaged it
    5. attacked it

27. The major objective of the Tea Act of 1773 was to:

1. 1. enrich Lord North and his cronies
   2. bail out the East India Company
   3. stimulate England’s home economy
   4. punish American tea importers
   5. reduce tea prices for Americans

28. Which is true of the Boston Tea Party?
    1. Mohawk Indians destroyed the tea.
    2. Ben Franklin supported it.
    3. Americans destroyed a large amount of property.
    4. It forced the British to repeal the tea tax.
    5. Most Bostonians did not support it.

29. The purpose of the Coercive Acts was to:
    1. punish Boston for the Tea Party
    2. arrest the leaders of the Sons of Liberty
    3. abolish the colonial assemblies
    4. outlaw any public criticism of British policy
    5. make Americans drink more tea

30. Which one of the following was NOT a result of the Coercive Acts?
    1. The port of Boston was closed to commerce.
    2. The governor was permitted to transfer Massachusetts officials to Britain.
    3. Massachusetts’s council and law-enforcement officers were made appointive rather than elective.
    4. Town meetings were called by the governor to raise taxes to pay for the tea tossed into Boston Harbor.
    5. A new Quartering Act required the housing of British soldiers.

31. The Quebec Act of 1774 did all of the following EXCEPT:
    1. recognize the Catholic Church in Canada
    2. give Canada a government that was non-representative in nature
    3. extend Canada’s boundaries to western lands north of the Ohio River
    4. spark a major revolt in that part of Canada
    5. anger American colonists even further

32. In response to the Coercive Acts, the First Continental Congress met in:
    1. New York
    2. Philadelphia
    3. Providence
    4. Boston

1. 5. Hartford

33. The Declaration of American Rights:
    1. made the Townshend Acts null and void
    2. was passed in Parliament by a small margin
    3. was defeated in Parliament by a small margin
    4. denied Parliament’s authority with respect to internal colonial affairs
    5. alluded to those of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

34. Who participated in the boycott of British goods in colonial America?
    1. Loyalists
    2. ordinary men and women
    3. primarily elite Americans who could do without luxury items
    4. only military veterans
    5. only merchants

35. The Continental Association was created to employ the weapon of                 against the British.
    1. mob violence
    2. guerilla warfare
    3. boycott
    4. civil disobedience
    5. non-payment of taxes

36. In April 1775, the British marched to Concord, Massachusetts, in an effort to:
    1. shut down a rebellious newspaper
    2. collect taxes
    3. prevent a town meeting
    4. seize a stockpile of weapons
    5. arrest Paul Revere

37. At Lexington and Concord, the British redcoats fought against the:
    1. Green Mountain Boys
    2. Regulators
    3. Minutemen
    4. Sons of Liberty
    5. Continental Army

38. In the fighting on April 19, 1775, the British suffered their greatest casualties:

1. 1. during their retreat back to Boston
   2. in the initial fight in Lexington
   3. at Concord’s North Bridge
   4. from American cannon fire
   5. at the hands of American cavalry

39. By the time the Second Continental Congress convened:
    1. the colonials had run the British out of Boston
    2. war had already started
    3. the British had repealed the Coercive Acts
    4. George Washington was commanding the troops
    5. the revolutionaries had faced a military setback in Quebec

40. Which of the following is NOT a reason that George Washington was chosen as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army?
    1. He was from Virginia.
    2. He had military experience.
    3. He made himself available.
    4. He looked like a military leader.
    5. He had served in Congress.

41. At the Battle of Bunker Hill:
    1. the British suffered major casualties
    2. George Washington won his first victory
    3. the colonial militia repulsed every British assault
    4. Americans learned they could easily beat the British
    5. Americans refused to take prisoners

42. Which is NOT true of the Olive Branch Petition?
    1. It attempted to reconcile the colonists and the British.
    2. It was authored by John Dickinson.
    3. It changed the thinking of George III toward the Americans.
    4. It rejected independence.
    5. It was issued by the Continental Congress.

43. At the end of 1775, Americans suffered a disastrous defeat when they attempted to capture:
    1. Florida
    2. Boston
    3. Quebec
    4. Nova Scotia

1. 5. London

44. Which of the following is NOT true of the American attack on Quebec?
    1. One of the American leaders was Benedict Arnold.
    2. Smallpox ravaged the American forces.
    3. It took place before independence was declared.
    4. It was the first of numerous defeats for the Americans.
    5. After a long siege, the British surrendered the city.

45. The Second Continental Congress:
    1. created a post office, a navy, and a marine corps
    2. sent General Washington on a tour of the colonies to recruit an American army
    3. refused to fund efforts for colonial defense
    4. ordered all American ships to stay in port
    5. met with British generals to negotiate an end to the fighting

46. To aid in the war, George III recruited German mercenaries known as:
    1. Hamburgers
    2. Saxons
    3. Hessians
    4. Prussians
    5. Bavarians

47. Thomas Paine’s pamphlet, Common Sense:
    1. praised the idea of monarchy
    2. blamed Parliament for the war
    3. was read mainly by elite Americans
    4. made a powerful case for independence
    5. endorsed a socialist revolution

48. The Continental Congress passed the resolution “that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states”:
    1. after more than a year of war against the British
    2. despite the opposition of Thomas Paine
    3. on July 4, 1778
    4. to bluff the British into compromising on tax policy
    5. before the fighting at Lexington and Concord

49. All of the following are true of Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence EXCEPT: