Marshalltown Community College - NURSING PNN101

Chapter 07: Drugs for Allergy and Respiratory Problems Visovsky: Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology, 9th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1)Which statement regarding the action of decongestants is true?

1. 1. Decongestants act by decreasing inflammation within the respiratory tract.
   2. Decongestants must be used cautiously as they can induce asthma attacks.
   3. Decongestants act primarily to reduce symptoms associated with allergy.
   4. Decongestants act by reducing the immune response of lymphocytes.

2. A patient with allergies has been prescribed an antihistamine. Which response by the patient demonstrates understanding of the action of antihistamine drugs?
   1. “Antihistamines act by increasing the production of acetylcholine”
   2. “Antihistamines act by blocking histamine receptors in tissues”
   3. “Antihistamines act by increasing dilation of blood vessels”
   4. “Antihistamines act by blocking the release of histamine”

3. An older adult patient with glaucoma reports taking an antihistamine for allergy symptoms. What adverse effect of antihistamines would you alert this patient about?
   1. Ototoxicity
   2. Ocular “floaters”
   3. Excessive tearing
   4. Increased intraocular pressure

4. Which statement would be true in teaching a patient with hypertension about taking antihistamines?
   1. Antihistamines need to be taken 2 h apart.
   2. Antihistamines can cause the blood pressure to rise.
   3. Antihistamines can cause a slowing of the pulse rate.
   4. Antihistamines must be taken at the same time as antihypertensives.

5. What is a common side effect of inhaled anti-inflammatory drugs for asthma?
   1. Anemia
   2. Bronchoconstriction
   3. Cutaneous itching
   4. Dry mouth

6. Which type of asthma problem is helped most directly by anti-inflammatory drugs?
   1. Thick mucus
   2. Mucosal swelling
   3. Bronchoconstriction
   4. Large, flabby alveoli

7. Which patient would not be a candidate for a leukotriene inhibitor as part of the treatment plan for mild asthma?
   1. An adult patient with a history of liver disease
   2. An older patient with cognitive impairment
   3. An adolescent with allergic rhinitis
   4. A patient with depression

8. An adolescent with a history of asthma needs a drug to prevent exercise-induced asthma while playing high school sports. Which drug would be appropriate for this use?
   1. Cromolyn sodium
   2. Theochron
   3. Sus-Phrine
   4. Proventil

9. You are teaching a patient with newly diagnosed asthma about using the prescribed drugs to manage acute asthma symptoms. Which of the following statements made by the patient would indicate your teaching was effective?
   1. “I will keep my short-acting bronchodilating inhaler with me at all times.”
   2. “I will take my cromolyn sodium 5 min after asthma symptoms begin.”
   3. “I will take montelukast (Singulair) at the first sign of an asthma attack.”
   4. “I will take my decongestant and corticosteroid nasal spray each day.”

10. What is the most common route used to deliver short-acting beta-adrenergic agonists?
    1. Oral
    2. Intravenous
    3. Transdermal
    4. Inhalation

11. Why are long-acting beta-adrenergic agonists not useful during an actual acute asthma attack?
    1. They are likely to cause allergies.
    2. They need time to build up an effect.
    3. They take too long to be absorbed by the intestinal tract.
    4. They reduce inflammation rather than relax bronchial smooth muscle.

12. Which of the following patients is most at risk for overdose from the oral mucolytic drug guaifenesin?
    1. A 38-year-old patient who had surgery 4 days ago
    2. A 60-year-old with a history of COPD
    3. An adolescent with a history of asthma

1. 4. A 1-year-old child with a cold and cough

13. Which statement made by the patient demonstrates understanding of the use of oral mucolytics?
    1. “I will not use a humidifier while taking this drug.”
    2. “This drug will stop me from coughing.”
    3. “I will drink at least 2 quarts of water while taking this drug.”
    4. “This drug will cause my urine to change color.”

14. What information should be included in the teaching plan for a patient who is prescribed an antitussive agent?
    1. “This drug can cause drowsiness.”
    2. “This drug can be taken for long periods of time.”
    3. “This drug contains codeine, but is not habit forming.”
    4. “Do not give this drug to adults, as this drug is for children’s use only.”

15. What symptom should you alert a patient taking a codeine-based antitussive to be aware of?
    1. Diarrhea
    2. Insomnia
    3. Paresthesia
    4. Constipation

16. Why are xanthine agents seldom used to treat asthma now?
    1. They increase bronchial secretions at the same time that they induce bronchial dilation.
    2. They have no role in preventing bronchoconstriction or inflammation.
    3. They are all given intravenously.
    4. They have severe systemic side effects.

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1. You are teaching an older adult patient about the antihistamine that was prescribed for the treatment of allergies. Which instructions would be appropriate to include? (Select all that apply.)
   1. Antihistamines can cause drowsiness.
   2. Avoid alcohol while taking antihistamines.
   3. Drink additional fluids when taking antihistamines.
   4. Antihistamines can lower blood pressure in older patients.
   5. Take antihistamines around the clock to stabilize drug blood levels.
   6. Older patients can develop memory problems when using antihistamines.

2. Cromolyn is effective in which situations? (Select all that apply.)
   1. Prophylaxis for asthma
   2. Management of allergies
   3. Prophylaxis for pneumonia
   4. Management of allergic rhinitis
   5. Management of postexercise bronchospasm
   6. Management of an acute exacerbation of asthma

3. Which responses are possible side effects of inhaled beta₂ adrenergic agonists? (Select all that apply.)
   1. Bad taste in the mouth
   2. Increased salivation
   3. Difficulty sleeping
   4. Rapid heart rate