Homework answers / question archive / Chapter  7 Question 1) Samantha’s father was sent to prison when she was 12 for the trafficking of narcotics; her brother was arrested when she was 13 for possession of meth

Chapter  7 Question 1) Samantha’s father was sent to prison when she was 12 for the trafficking of narcotics; her brother was arrested when she was 13 for possession of meth

Sociology

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Chapter  7

Question 1)

Samantha’s father was sent to prison when she was 12 for the trafficking of narcotics; her brother was arrested when she was 13 for possession of meth. By the age of 18, Samantha has been arrested three times for possession of meth. Which theory best describes Samantha’s experience?

  

Differential association theory

 

  

Opaque theory

 

  

Labeling theory

 

  

Strain theory

 

 

Question 2

The term deviance can be defined as:

  

The regulation and enforcement of norms.

 

  

Social reward for the violation of norms.

 

 

A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law.

 

The act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.

 

Question 3

Cherish receives a promotion at her job after successfully helping many clients. This is an example of a:

 

  

Positive formal sanction

 

  

Negative informal sanction

 

  

Positive informal sanction

 

  

Negative formal sanction

 

 

Question 4

Which theorist studied the power elite, and the influence they had over society?

  

Carl Sagan

 

  

Émile Durkheim

 

  

Karl Marx

 

  

C. Wright Mills

 

 

Question 5

The term crime can be defined as:

 

 

A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions.

  

A sequence of events leading to incarceration.

 

 

An unintended consequence of necessary action.

 

  

A harmful action directed at the authorities.

 

 

Question 6

Functionalist Émile Durkheim believed some deviance within society was:

  

Necessary; it challenged people’s views.

 

 

Insignificant; deviance within society is largely ignored.

 

Instrumental; it encouraged the population to rebel.

  

Dangerous; it encouraged disruptive behavior.

 

 

Question 7

Which of the following is not a branch of the U.S. Criminal Justice System?

  

The courts

 

  

The police

 

  

The jury

 

  

The corrections system

 

 

Question 8

The term secondary deviance can be defined as: 

 

When a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.

 

When negative informal sanctions encourage an individual to seek more positive behavioral choices.

 

When a violation of norms does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others.

 

When positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from society’s expectations.

 

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a negative informal sanction?

 

Michael being sent to jail for illegal possession of a firearm.

 

Eleanor being given a “Teacher of the Year” award for her work as a high school English teacher.

 

Meredith receiving compliments on her hair after visiting the salon.

 

Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.

 

Question 10

Social control is:

 

A system that has the authority to make decisions based on law.

  

The regulation and enforcement of norms.

 

 

A label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual.

 

An arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives.

 

Question 11

Strain theory: 

  

Argues that morality is based on wealth.

 

 

Asserts that motivation and personal responsibility are the key factors in living a healthy lifestyle.

 

Addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals.

 

States individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance.

 

Question 12

True or False: Deviance is always considered a crime?

 

  

No answer text provided.

 

  

False

 

  

No answer text provided.

 

  

True

 

 

Question 13

An average of _____ people in the United States fall victim to hate crimes each year?

  

195,000

 

  

150,000

 

  

100,000

 

  

200,000

 

 

Question 14

Bernie Madoff, recently sentenced to 150 years in prison for creating a Ponzi scheme which caused clients to lose millions of dollars, engaged in which form of crime?

  

Street crime

 

  

Institutional crime

 

  

Violent crime

 

  

Corporate crime