a.

It ended cotton cultivation throughout the region.

b.

It left the South’s agricultural economy in disarray.

c.

It resulted in the immediate rebound of tobacco production.

d.

It eliminated racial prejudice in many states.

e.

It encouraged reconciliation with the North.

a.

negotiating labor contracts

d.

arming the freedmen

b.

providing medical care

e.

distributing food

c.

setting up schools

a.

loyal governments appeared in five states, but Congress refused to recognize them

b.

loyal governments were recognized by Congress in three southern states

c.

10 percent of elected officials in a state had to be black

d.

10 percent of the 1860 voters had to take an oath of allegiance to the Union

e.

leading Confederates would be sent to prison

a.

to proclaim their strong support of President Lincoln’s Reconstruction policies

b.

to warn the South of a second Civil War if it did not grant full civil rights to the freedmen

c.

to protest Lincoln’s veto of the Wade-Davis Bill and accuse Lincoln of exceeding his constitutional authority

d.

to express their opinion that the South deserved lenient terms to rejoin the Union

e.

to accuse England of meddling in the Civil War

a.

supported the Radical Republicans

d.

shot him during a speech

b.

used a high-powered rifle

e.

was a pro-Confederate actor

c.

was never apprehended

a.

was a pro-Union southerner

b.

supported black equality

c.

supported the interests of southern planters

d.

was Lincoln’s equal in political skill

e.

tried to repeal the Thirteenth Amendment

a.

They were both lifelong Republicans.

b.

They held identical political positions.

c.

They agreed on the need for strict terms to readmit southern states into the Union.

d.

As a gesture of unity, they combined to create a National Union ticket.

e.

Johnson and Lincoln had already served together in the Illinois state government.

a.

completely repudiated Lincoln’s

b.

would restore the Union fairly quickly

c.

gave the vote to all black men

d.

aimed to keep elite planters in power

e.

would leave the South completely unchanged

a.

everybody with taxable property worth more than $20,000

b.

the freedmen

c.

the small farmers

d.

the British

e.

northern industrialists

a.

denied them their seats

b.

shunned them socially

c.

gave them only minor committee assignments

d.

sincerely welcomed them

e.

called them traitors

a.

were accepted by Congress

b.

showed the South’s spirit of conciliation

c.

tried to restore white supremacy

d.

proved the success of Johnson’s Reconstruction plan

e.

forbade blacks to marry

a.

Slavery became legal once more.

b.

The Fourteenth Amendment was repealed.

c.

The Democratic party ceased to function.

d.

President Johnson was removed from office.

e.

Moderate Republicans moved to support Radical Republicans’ Reconstruction policies.

a.

a quick restoration of the Union

b.

continued military occupation of the South

c.

close cooperation with President Johnson

d.

pardons for ex-Confederates

e.

the right of ex-slaves to vote

a.

To make the South a northern colony

b.

To ensure the South would never rejoin the Union

c.

To keep former Confederates from electing Democrats eager to restore the old southern ruling class to power

d.

To facilitate a complete national reconciliation that included both southern whites and blacks

e.

To anger President Lincoln

a.

Johnson’s role in Lincoln’s assassination

b.

Johnson’s past service as a Confederate soldier

c.

a growing conflict of opinion over Reconstruction policy

d.

Congress’s insistence that Johnson stole the presidency

e.

the House’s impeachment of Johnson

a.

made a drunken appearance in public

b.

spoke in favor of the black codes

c.

released Jefferson Davis from prison

d.

vetoed the Civil Rights Act

e.

addressed the Radicals in profane language

a.

It was a response to the black codes and the neo-slavery system created by unrepentant southern legislatures.

b.

It was to foster national reconciliation and genuine feelings of patriotism among all Americans.

c.

It was part of a plan to ease the requirements on the readmission of southern states to the Union.

d.

It enjoyed the support of President Johnson.

e.

Southern states requested the bill to clarify the rights of their citizens before rejoining the Union.

a.

showed public approval of Johnson’s policies

b.

gave Republicans veto-proof majorities

c.

encouraged the South to be even more defiant

d.

were the first in which blacks could vote

e.

reduced the influence of the Radicals

a.

was overturned by the Supreme Court

b.

showed the decline of Radical power

c.

required new state constitutions in the South

d.

removed federal troops from the South

e.

wiped out the black codes

a.

he named to his cabinet someone that had not been confirmed by the Senate

b.

he named his brother to serve as a federal judge

c.

he fired his vice president

d.

he tried to remove one of his cabinet members without Senate permission

e.

he failed to deliver the State of the Union address in 1866

a.

impeached and immediately removed from office

b.

threatened with impeachment but never actually impeached

c.

impeached by the Supreme Court

d.

impeached, then imprisoned

e.

impeached by the House but not convicted by the Senate

a.

corruption

b.

violation of the Tenure of Office Act

c.

sexual misconduct

d.

tax evasion

e.

illegal trafficking in slavery

a.

Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia ratified it before being readmitted

b.

it forbade the states to deny any person the vote on grounds of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”

c.

Congress rescinded Georgia’s readmission and insisted it ratify the amendment before regaining its readmission

d.

Kentucky did not ratify it

e.

it ended slavery

a.

organize groups of Republicans in the South

b.

terrorize ex-Confederates

c.

acquire land for Union veterans

d.

defy Radical Reconstruction

e.

organize black laborers for higher wages

a.

It offered training on how to kill former Confederates.

b.

It instilled a respect for the former Confederacy.

c.

It opened a secret supply of weapons for planned rebellions.

d.

It provided training in leadership and alerted them to new opportunities in economic advancement and civic leadership.

e.

It offered a quicker avenue to true racial equality.

a.

passively awaited developments

d.

terrorized their former masters

b.

attempted to establish schools

e.

refused to work for wages

c.

normally joined integrated churches

a.

their lack of education and inexperience in politics put them at a disadvantage

b.

within a few years of the end of the Civil War, former slaves were voting in large numbers

c.

several African Americans were elected as governors

d.

few African Americans served as judges

e.

in the new state governments, African American participation was a novelty

a.

corrupt and greedy

d.

Union veterans

b.

illiterate

e.

former Confederates

c.

wealthy business owners

a.

owned slaves

b.

served in the Union army

c.

changed their minds about race relations

d.

become educated

e.

opposed secession

a.

construct railroads

d.

build roads and bridges

b.

cut taxes

e.

provide opportunities for ex-slaves

c.

establish public schools

a.

all former Confederates were denied the right to vote

b.

their provisions allowed for black voting and civil rights

c.

former Confederates were uniformly banned from holding any public office

d.

their provisions granted universal female suffrage

e.

state governments were dismantled and replaced by direct federal administration

a.

generated unexpected support for Radical Reconstruction among southern white elites

b.

resulted in a rebellion that overthrew the reconstructed South Carolina state government

c.

enabled the state legislature to reinstitute legal slavery

d.

helped keep corruption from becoming a problem in the state government

e.

led many former Confederate leaders to oppose the Radical state legislature

a.

was elected president in 1868 despite the heavily black Democratic vote

b.

brought confidence and honesty to a national government torn by Reconstruction

c.

brought little political experience and judgment to the presidency

d.

pushed for civil service reform throughout his presidency

e.

was nominated by both major parties in the 1868 election

a.

tended to be merchants and bankers

b.

saw economic benefits in price inflation

c.

urged the elimination of greenbacks

d.

dominated the Grant administration

e.

wanted to cancel the national debt

a.

paid off in gold

d.

canceled

b.

paid off in copper

e.

handed out to Union veterans

c.

paid off in greenbacks

a.

embezzle public funds

d.

sell damaged goods to the Indians

b.

create a railroad monopoly

e.

bribe members of Congress

c.

corner the gold market

a.

dissipated

b.

led to a withdrawal of federal financial support

c.

turned violent

d.

taken on a peaceful approach

e.

renewed the Civil War

a.

national unity

b.

upholding southern honor

c.

starting a new civil war

d.

oppressing blacks and white Republicans

e.

raising money for Confederate widows

a.

did nothing

d.

ordered the army to crush it

b.

endorsed their activities

e.

tried to protect black rights

c.

created a special federal police force

a.

supported Grant

b.

were controlled by Grant

c.

backed Radical Reconstruction

d.

were a faction of southern ex-Whigs

e.

opposed Grant

a.

electoral fraud

b.

white supremacist violence

c.

the Panic of 1873

d.

the growing weakness of Grant’s administration

e.

black voters switched to support the Democrats

a.

He was restricted by the Constitution to two terms.

b.

His wife did not want him to run again.

c.

He felt he was too old.

d.

In 1875, he acknowledged that many Republicans had lost confidence in his leadership.

e.

His alcoholism was revealed to the public.

a.

no candidate had an Electoral College majority

b.

Hayes led Tilden in popular votes

c.

it was clear that a clean election had occurred

d.

the Democrats immediately conceded defeat

e.

the Supreme Court ordered a new election

a.

keeping federal troops stationed in the South

b.

allowing states the right to secede

c.

protecting black civil rights as a top priority

d.

relaxing federal authority in the South

e.

supporting universal female suffrage

a.

gave the White House to Tilden

b.

ended the North–South division

c.

protected the civil rights of ex-slaves

d.

ended Reconstruction

e.

kept federal troops in the Deep South

a.

It gave the Democrats the White House for the first time since before the Civil War.

b.

It permitted the Democrats to gain control of the Senate.

c.

It ensured the last federal troops would be withdrawn from the South.

d.

It restored slavery.

e.

It recognized the rights of states to secede.

a.

The freedmen remained a powerful force in southern politics.

b.

Women filled the power vacuum that Reconstruction had created.

c.

The South embarked on a path toward rapid industrial development.

d.

The protections of black civil rights crumbled under the pressure of restored white rule and unfavorable Supreme Court decisions.

e.

The majority of blacks migrated out of the South.

a.

the creation of true social equality in the South

b.

the eradication of southern black poverty

c.

the passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments

d.

the redistribution of wealth in the South

e.

the eradication of sectional differences

a.

was a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana

b.

was a senator from Massachusetts, a leading Radical Republican

c.

asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women

d.

was secretary of war under Johnson until 1867

e.

was a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate

f.

was a senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson’s trial

g.

was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876

h.

opposed Grant in 1872 presidential election

i.

was the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S. Senate representing Georgia in 1865

j.

his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar