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Homework answers / question archive / CHAPTER 25: THE GREAT DEPRESSION, 1929-1939   TRUE/FALSE        1

CHAPTER 25: THE GREAT DEPRESSION, 1929-1939   TRUE/FALSE        1

History

CHAPTER 25: THE GREAT DEPRESSION, 1929-1939

 

TRUE/FALSE

 

     1.   Although the New Deal initiatives produced mixed results, they halted the economic downturn and provided the foundation for a system of federal social welfare programs.

 

 

     2.   Early in his presidency, Roosevelt ended Prohibition.

 

 

     3.   By executive decree, Roosevelt organized all farm credit agencies into the Farm Credit Administration.

 

     4.   The Civilian Conservation Corps addressed the problem of overcharging by doctors and others in the medical and health professions.

 

     5.   The Agricultural Adjustment Administration required farmers to donate surplus crops and livestock to feed the poor.

 

     6.   The Wagner Act helped dramatically boost union membership.

 

     7.   By 1935, the National Recovery Administration had become unpopular.

 

     8.   FDR made black civil rights a major priority, ordering that New Deal programs not practice racial discrimination.

 

     9.   Eleanor Roosevelt was a shy person who shunned attention, but she did much work behind the scenes to raise support for her husband’s New Deal.

 

   10.   The “Bonus Expeditionary Force” was organized to secure the U.S.–Mexico border.

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

     1.   In 1932, how many millions of people were unemployed in America?

a.

25

d.

40

b.

35

e.

50

c.

15

 

 

 

     2.   In 1933, President Roosevelt confronted all the following major challenges EXCEPT:

a.

reviving the economy.

b.

relieving the widespread human misery.

c.

defending the country against communism.

d.

rescuing the farm sector.

e.

rescuing the desperate farm families.

 

 

 

     3.   On his second day in office, Franklin D. Roosevelt called upon Congress to meet in a special session on March 9 to pass the:

a.

Emergency Banking Relief Act.

d.

Farm Credit Act.

b.

Beer-Wine Revenue Act.

e.

Agricultural Adjustment Act.

c.

Emergency Farm Mortgage Act.

 

 

 

 

     4.   On March 12, in the first of his radio-broadcast “fireside chats,” the president:

a.

promised to push through a bank bailout bill worth more than $7 billion.

b.

announced he would use his emergency powers to nationalize the banking industry.

c.

ordered strict limits on the issuance of paper currency.

d.

ordered the Federal Reserve Board to lower interest rates.

e.

assured the 60 million Americans listening that it was safer to “keep your money in a reopened bank than under the mattress.”

 

 

 

     5.   The first large-scale experiment with federal work relief, which put people directly on the government payroll at competitive wages, came with the formation of the:

a.

Civil Works Administration.

d.

Federal Bureau of Investigation.

b.

Public Works Administration.

e.

Capitol Police Force.

c.

Social Security Administration.

 

 

 

 

     6.   The main purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps was to:

a.

train young men for the Army Corps of Engineers.

b.

provide work relief for young men.

c.

give young women an opportunity to earn money for higher education.

d.

promote conservation practices by the general public.

e.

build environmental education projects at the first national parks.

 

 

 

     7.   The goal of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 was to raise farm income, mainly through:

a.

cutbacks in production.

b.

intensive farming.

c.

a government takeover of the commodity trade in Chicago.

d.

state and federal subsidies.

e.

marketing quotas.

 

 

 

     8.   South Carolina Senator Ellison “Cotton Ed” Smith:

a.

was FDR’s staunchest ally in the South.

b.

was appointed head of the Public Works Administration.

c.

was Huey Long’s running mate for vice president in 1936.

d.

cringed at the thought of Roosevelt running for a fourth term.

e.

came up with the term “New Deal.”

 

 

 

     9.   The head of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration was:

a.

Frances Perkins.

d.

Hugh Johnson.

b.

Harry Hopkins.

e.

John Nance Garner.

c.

Henry Wallace.

 

 

 

   10.   What organization sought to set workplace standards, such as child labor restrictions?

a.

Agricultural Adjustment Administration

b.

Federal Emergency Relief Administration

c.

National Recovery Administration

d.

Works Progress Administration

e.

Civilian Conservation Corps

 

   11.   Codes of fair practice were part of the:

a.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

d.

Public Works Administration.

b.

Home Owners’ Loan Corporation.

e.

Works Progress Administration.

c.

National Recovery Administration.

 

 

 

 

   12.   The fair practices codes of the National Recovery Administration did all of the following EXCEPT:

a.

prohibit child labor.

b.

establish minimum wages of $13 per week.

c.

set a forty-hour workweek.

d.

break up large corporations.

e.

establish a minimum wage of $12 per week in the South.

 

 

 

   13.   To earn the federal payments for reducing crops:

a.

tenants and sharecroppers had to stick with lucrative staples such as cotton.

b.

farmers had to let fields go idle for three years in a row.

c.

many landowners kicked out black tenants in favor of whites.

d.

farmers often starved because they were not allowed to grow even small vegetable gardens.

e.

many landowners took their leased lands out of production.

 

 

 

   14.   The Tennessee Valley Authority, as a multipurpose public corporation, included all of the following states EXCEPT:

a.

Louisiana.

d.

Illinois.

b.

Alabama.

e.

Kentucky.

c.

Georgia.

 

 

 

 

   15.   All of the following were among the objectives of the Tennessee Valley Authority EXCEPT:

a.

the production of cheap electric power.

b.

the development of Smoky Mountain National Park.

c.

providing jobs.

d.

soil conservation and forestry.

e.

opening rivers to boats and barges.

 

 

   16.   Because of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Tennessee River became:

a.

the water source for Atlanta, Birmingham, Nashville, and hundreds of small towns.

b.

known as the “Great Lakes of the South.”

c.

the most polluted river in the nation.

d.

known as “the Southern Snake.”

e.

“politicized nature,” as Alabama refused to accept “socialized electricity.”

 

 

 

   17.   The dust bowl can be associated with:

a.

large migrations from the impacted area to the Atlantic coast.

b.

terrible storms that plagued the Great Basin.

c.

a severe blow to farmers in Illinois, Ohio, and Wisconsin.

d.

the blowing away of millions of acres of topsoil.

e.

a famous movie made by the Works Progress Administration filmmaker Ansel Adams.

 

 

 

   18.   Frequently lumped together as “Okies” or “Arkies,” dust bowl refugees:

a.

mostly died in California in 1937 and 1938.

b.

faked their status to get free food.

c.

came from cotton belt communities.

d.

ended up working as miners in the Sierra.

e.

never made it to California.

 

 

 

   19.   Whose campaign song was “Happy Days Are Here Again”?

a.

Alfred Smith

d.

Eugene Debs

b.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

e.

Theodore Roosevelt

c.

Herbert Hoover

 

 

 

 

   20.   Who directed the Bureau of Indian Affairs during the New Deal?

a.

Charles E. Coughlin

d.

John Collier

b.

F. Scott Fitzgerald

e.

Huey Long

c.

Charles Curtis

 

 

 

 

   21.   The Indian Reorganization Act:

a.

attempted to reinvigorate traditional Indian cultures.

b.

broke up tribal lands and allocated them to individuals.

c.

had the support of western congressmen and assimilated Indians.

d.

was the brainchild of Henry Dawes.

e.

reorganized tribal leaders into nonvoting members of Congress.

 

 

   22.   Eleanor Roosevelt:

a.

primarily played the role of White House hostess.

b.

had more influence than her husband in shaping New Deal policies.

c.

was an official member of FDR’s cabinet.

d.

was especially supportive of women, blacks, and organized labor.

e.

became most famous for her fireside chats.

 

 

 

   23.   Who is known as “Kingfish”?

a.

Charles Coughlin

d.

Francis Townsend

b.

Theodore Roosevelt

e.

Alfred Smith

c.

Huey Long

 

 

 

 

   24.   Huey Long:

a.

developed a program called Share-the-Wealth.

b.

founded the National Union for Social Justice.

c.

challenged FDR for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1936.

d.

complained that the New Deal had gone too far by infringing on “the rights of persons and property.”

e.

called Social Security a “socialistic share-the-wealth program.”

 

 

 

   25.   Huey Long’s program to end the Depression:

a.

was a plan to share the wealth.

b.

emphasized tax breaks for big business.

c.

involved the creation of a fascist dictatorship.

d.

called for unadulterated free-market capitalism.

e.

involved closing down Wall Street brokerage firms.

 

 

 

   26.   Charles E. Coughlin:

a.

was the “radio priest.”

b.

headed the Tennessee Valley Authority.

c.

headed the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

d.

wrote Uncle Tom’s Children.

e.

ran on the Union ticket with Huey Long.

 

 

 

   27.   Who was the California doctor who called for old-age pensions from the government?

a.

Henry Morgenthau

d.

Francis Townsend

b.

Arthur Lovejoy

e.

Harold Ickes

c.

William Friedman

 

 

 

 

   28.   In the case of Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States, the Supreme Court:

a.

overturned the Farm Credit Act.

b.

overturned the National Industrial Recovery Act.

c.

decided that Schechter was involved in interstate, not local, trade.

d.

upheld the constitutionality of the second Agricultural Adjustment Act.

e.

said that the Agricultural Adjustment Act was unconstitutional.

 

 

 

   29.   All of the following statements are true of the National Youth Administration EXCEPT:

a.

it provided part-time employment to students.

b.

it was part of the Works Progress Administration.

c.

it set up technical training programs.

d.

it was the parent organization for the Civilian Conservation Corps.

e.

it provided Richard Nixon with a job.

 

 

   30.   The National Labor Relations Act:

a.

was upheld by the Supreme Court in United States v. Butler.

b.

gave jobs to several thousand unemployed miners.

c.

was often called the Wagner Act.

d.

was struck down by the Supreme Court in 1935.

e.

gave employers the right to control union activities.

 

 

   31.   Which of the following statements about the Social Security Act is NOT true?

a.

It was, according to Roosevelt, the “supreme achievement” of the New Deal.

b.

It committed the national government to a broad range of welfare activities.

c.

It provided old-age pensions.

d.

It was based on a progressive tax that took a larger percentage of higher incomes.

e.

It was a regressive tax that pinched the poor more than the rich.

 

 

   32.   Which of the following refused to apply for a Social Security card?

a.

Alfred E. Smith

d.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

b.

Herbert Hoover

e.

Eugene Debs

c.

Theodore Roosevelt

 

 

 

 

   33.   The Revenue Act of 1935 (sometimes called the Wealth-Tax Act):

a.

provided for a regressive tax.

b.

increased federal revenue significantly and thus helped finance the New Deal.

c.

raised taxes on incomes above $50,000.

d.

created a more equal distribution of wealth in America.

e.

was an FDR response to Long’s soak-the-rich tax.

 

 

 

   34.   During the presidential election of 1936:

a.

African Americans voted overwhelmingly Republican for the first time since Reconstruction.

b.

Republicans won most of the western farm vote and almost upset Roosevelt.

c.

Republicans hoped that third-party candidates might split the Democratic vote and throw the election to them.

d.

Socialist and Communist candidates together received more than 2 million votes.

e.

Roosevelt’s illness put vice-presidential candidate Harry Truman in the spotlight.

 

 

 

   35.   During the 1936 election, Roosevelt wound up carrying every state except:

a.

Maine and Ohio.

d.

New Jersey and Florida.

b.

Iowa and Vermont.

e.

Utah and Texas.

c.

Maine and Vermont.

 

 

 

 

   36.   Which is true of the 1936 presidential election?

a.

FDR was reelected, but Republicans made big gains in Congress.

b.

Huey Long ran one of the strongest third-party campaigns in history.

c.

FDR defeated Alfred M. Landon in a landslide.

d.

Concerns over the coming war in Europe dominated the campaign.

e.

FDR won every state but Texas.

 

 

   37.   In early 1937, FDR proposed to reform the Supreme Court by:

a.

requiring justices to retire at age seventy.

b.

adding up to six additional members.

c.

removing justices appointed by previous presidents.

d.

making justices regularly run for election.

e.

requiring Senate-confirmation hearings.

 

 

   38.   Roosevelt’s court-packing scheme became unnecessary when:

a.

the Supreme Court ruled that the president, and not Congress, has authority to adjust the number of justices.

b.

the Supreme Court agreed to an extension of the number of justices.

c.

Congress removed cases involving the New Deal from the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction.

d.

the Supreme Court began reversing previous judgments and upholding the New Deal.

e.

he began using executive orders to circumvent the Supreme Court.

 

 

   39.   Labor’s new direction in the late 1930s was toward:

a.

decentralization of union organization.

d.

the Republican party.

b.

industrial unions.

e.

craft unions.

c.

women in unions.

 

 

 

 

   40.   The “sit-down strike” was used successfully in 1937 by:

a.

black workers.

d.

automobile workers.

b.

southern workers.

e.

western miners.

c.

steelworkers.

 

 

 

 

 

MATCHING

 

Match each person with one of the descriptions below.

a.

was the Republican presidential candidate in 1932

b.

proposed the Share-the-Wealth program

c.

as a law student, found work through the Works Progress Administration

d.

was the Bureau of Indian Affairs commissioner

e.

was the Republican presidential candidate in 1936

f.

was a Congress of Industrial Organizations leader

g.

proposed to pay $200 a month to those over sixty years old who retired and promised to spend the money

h.

was director of an National Youth Administration program

i.

was a “radio priest”

j.

cringed at the thought of Roosevelt running for a fourth term

 

 

     1.   John Collier

 

     2.   Richard Nixon

 

     3.   Herbert Hoover

 

     4.   Ellison “Cotton Ed” Smith

 

     5.   Lyndon Johnson

 

     6.   Alfred M. Landon

 

     7.   John L. Lewis

 

     8.   Charles E. Coughlin

 

     9.   Huey Long

 

   10.   Francis E. Townsend

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