CHAPTER 19: Safe for Democracy: The United States and World War I, 1916-1920 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1

Question

CHAPTER 19: Safe for Democracy: The United States and World War I, 1916-1920

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. W.T. Stead:

a.	accurately predicted the sinking of the Titanic in 1912.
b.	claimed American world power in the twentieth century would rest in part on the spread of American culture.
c.	expressed grave concern over the growth of America’s military and its seizure of new territory.
d.	was discredited as a hack with the publication of The Americanization of the World.

2. Between 1901 and 1920, the United States intervened militarily numerous times in Caribbean countries:

a.	in order to gain territory for the United States.
b.	in order to spread liberty and freedom in the region.
c.	because the democratic leaders of the region asked the United States for aid in suppressing rebellions.
d.	in order to fight European powers who sought to establish colonies in the area.
e.	in order to protect the economic interests of American banks and investors.

3. Theodore Roosevelt’s taking of the Panama Canal Zone is an example of:

a.	his ability to speak softly in diplomatic situations when he knew he was outgunned.
b.	international Progressivism—the United States was intervening with the sole purpose to uplift the peoples of Central America.
c.	liberal internationalism, since he worked closely with the French to work out a deal favorable to Panama.
d.	his belief that civilized nations had an obligation to establish order in an unruly world.
e.	one of the many wars in which Roosevelt involved the United States.

4. The completion of the Panama Canal in 1914:

a.	did not end U.S. control of the Panama Canal Zone, which remains an American territory to this day.
b.	helped repair U.S. diplomatic relations with Colombia.
c.	reduced the sea voyage between the East and West Coasts of the United States by 8,000 miles.
d.	did not involve the labor of non-U.S. citizens, despite Roosevelt’s objections.

5. Which of the following statements is accurate about William Howard Taft?

a.	Like his predecessor, Theodore Roosevelt, Taft emphasized military intervention to achieve American strategic goals in the Western Hemisphere.
b.	Taft discouraged the United Fruit Company from establishing banana plantations in Honduras.
c.	Taft believed the best way to promote American interests in the Caribbean and Central America was through economic investment.
d.	Taft coined the term, “Dollar Diplomacy” in describing the foreign policy approach of Theodore Roosevelt.

6. Dollar Diplomacy:

a.	characterizes the foreign policy of Theodore Roosevelt.
b.	was put in place by Woodrow Wilson regarding Mexico.
c.	was used by William Howard Taft instead of military intervention.
d.	was seldom used and never successfully.
e.	was applied only in Asia.

7. Which of the following assessments of the Roosevelt Corollary is accurate?

a.	It represented a vow to defend the Western Hemisphere against European intervention.
b.	It signaled to Japan that the United States was the predominant military power in the Pacific.
c.	It was a warning to Central and South American nations to accept a colony-like status vis-à-vis the United States.
d.	It held that the United States had the right to exercise an international police power.
e.	The Roosevelt Corollary strongly limited the sovereignty of Canada.

8. Woodrow Wilson’s moral imperialism in Latin America produced:

a.	eight years of unprecedented stability in the region.
b.	more military interventions than any other president before or since.
c.	economic growth and diversity for the region.
d.	very little to show for the policy, as his attention was mostly on Europe.
e.	strong allies for the United States in World War I, especially Mexico.

9. Which of the following best describes the moral imperialism propounded by President Woodrow Wilson?

a.	It relied on the principle of racial equality.
b.	It rejected military intervention as a barbaric tool of inferior races.
c.	It effectively meant the complete withdrawal from foreign affairs at the beginning of American isolationism.
d.	It created an irony with regard to the concept of freedom.
e.	Wilson opposed out of principle any military action that could jeopardize the health and welfare of American soldiers.

10. Assess the effectiveness of President Woodrow Wilson’s response to Mexico’s civil war.

a.	While the United States was able to bring peace to the region, it also undermined the Democratic process.
b.	In his zealous attempt to remove the dictator Porfirio Diaz, Wilson ended up destabilizing all of Central America.
c.	Wilson’s attempts to teach Mexican people how to select good men only led to the war spilling over into the United States.
d.	President Wilson’s efforts to support the popular leader “Pancho” Villa resulted in 10,000 U.S. troops joining the fighting between the troops of Huerta and Madero.
e.	If General John Pershing had not undermined the military operation with his own corruption, Wilson’s response to Villa would have been very effective.

11. Which of the following statements about World War I is NOT accurate?

a.	It began with the assassination of the heir to the throne of the Austrian-Hungarian empire.
b.	It produced casualties on a massive scale, due in part to new military technologies such as tanks and submarines.
c.	It actually had little to do with European colonial possessions overseas.
d.	It was the result of European powers’ interlocking military alliances.
e.	C and D

12. Why did World War I transform Western civilization so profoundly?

a.	The bitter war between the peaceful neighbors of Germany, France, and Britain shook the popular conceptions of politics deeply.
b.	Since a vast majority of victims were civilians, the war forever changed public perceptions on the acceptability of military conflict.
c.	As a global conflict between socialist nations on the one hand and monarchies on the other, the war signaled the ideological divisions of the twentieth century.
d.	The war generated an economic boom in Europe and the United States that marked the beginning of the “roaring twenties.”
e.	The mass slaughter of World War I was hard to reconcile with the optimist claim that Western civilization was the triumph of reason and human progress.

13. Why were Americans divided over the outbreak of the Great War?

a.	The American public wanted to join the conflict, but Congress remained opposed to any intervention.
b.	Irish-Americans and Russian Jews resented Allied powers Great Britain and Russia, while some American reformers lobbied against the war in the name of social justice and peace.
c.	Some Americans welcomed the military buildup that would accompany American involvement, others worried about large tax increases.
d.	Democrats hoped to shore up support for Wilson’s re-election as a “war president,” while Republicans objected to “foreign entanglements.”

14. In the presidential election of 1916, Woodrow Wilson:

a.	chose not to run for reelection.
b.	lost to the Republican candidate, Charles Evans Hughes.
c.	was reelected when he promised to support the war effort.
d.	used the campaign slogan “He kept us out of war.”
e.	received fewer votes in states where women had the right to vote.

15. The Zimmermann Telegram:

a.	helped assure Americans that Germany was not a threat.
b.	clarified British war aims.
c.	outlined the German plan for an attack on the United States by Mexico.
d.	outlined the British plan for an attack on the United States by Mexico.
e.	outlined the Fourteen Points.

16. Wilson’s Fourteen Points included all of the following principles EXCEPT:

a.	an end to colonization.	d.	open diplomacy.
b.	self-determination for all nations.	e.	free trade.
c.	freedom of the seas.

17. Which of the following elements of President Wilson’s Fourteen Points most resembled the commissions Progressives had instituted back home?

a.	The League of Nations.
b.	The right to free trade.
c.	The readjustment of colonial claims.
d.	The principle of self-determination for all nations.
e.	The “guilt clause” for Germany.

18. When American troops finally arrived in Europe:

a.	they were too late to participate in the Meuse-Argonne campaign.
b.	they helped push back a German offensive near Paris.
c.	they turned the tide of the war.
d.	the British and French were in full retreat.
e.	they organized alliances after the war among fourteen prominent nations.

19. Most Progressives saw World War I as a golden opportunity because:

a.	they believed that the United States would profit from the war.
b.	they supported the socialist ideas of Vladimir Lenin.
c.	they hoped to disseminate Progressive values around the globe.
d.	they saw an opportunity to completely restrict immigration.
e.	it offered blacks a chance for economic improvement through defense jobs.

20. During World War I, the federal government:

a.	intervened minimally in the economy.
b.	encouraged farmers only to produce for American consumption.
c.	increased corporate and individual income taxes.
d.	pursued a laissez-faire economic policy.
e.	established the minimum wage and the eight-hour day.

21. The Committee on Public Information:

a.	was directed by William Jennings Bryan.
b.	protected civil liberties.
c.	was a government agency that sought to shape public opinion.
d.	was affiliated with the Socialist Party.
e.	was limited in its efforts.

22. Assess the way in which the Committee on Public Information presented its message to encourage Americans to remain loyal and support the war effort?

a.	The Creel Committee often relied on veiled threats.
b.	The CPI frequently invoked the alien and sedition acts.
c.	The CPI rhetoric commonly tried to pit immigrants against native-born Americans.
d.	The CPI packaged its appeals in the language of social cooperation and an expanded democracy.
e.	The Creel Committee combined its patriotic appeals with advertisements on special bargains for household goods.

23. Why did World War I threaten to tear the women’s suffrage movement apart?

a.	A large number of activists were German-American.
b.	The leadership of the suffrage movement was predominantly socialist.
c.	Many of the women in leadership positions were recruited into government service.
d.	Many suffragists had been associated with opposition to American involvement in the war.
e.	The demands of the home front pulled women away from political activism.

24. Jeannette Rankin, the first woman elected to Congress:

a.	was a Socialist.
b.	supported limited women’s suffrage.
c.	was pro-German.
d.	supported U.S. entry into World War I.
e.	did not support U.S. entry into World War I.

25. Which of the following statements does NOT characterize the woman’s suffrage movement of the 1910s?

a.	Alice Paul was elected to head the National Woman’s Suffrage Association.
b.	The movement split up over tactics.
c.	Many of its veteran leaders switched their focus to supporting America’s involvement in the war.
d.	Activists chained themselves to the fence in front of the White House.

26. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the final passage of the Nineteenth Amendment?

a.	Suffragists’ state-by-state efforts had largely failed.
b.	Congressmen from western states backed the amendment in exchange for an end to suffragist support of Prohibition.
c.	The Wilson administration eventually supported the amendment in response to public pressure.
d.	Jeanette Rankin of Montana cast the deciding vote.

27. All of the following groups supported Prohibition EXCEPT:

a.	urban reformers wishing to undermine the city machines.
b.	women reformers who believed men squandered their earnings on alcohol.
c.	employers who hoped Prohibition would create a more disciplined labor force.
d.	anti-immigrant Protestants who saw temperance as an American value.
e.	Catholic priests who wished to curb the abuse of alcohol by parishioners.

28. What did employers, urban reformers, as well as women reformers hope Prohibition would achieve during the war years?

a.	A larger turnout among men for the draft.
b.	The decline in desertions and acts of sabotage.
c.	A reduction in the public expense associated with alcoholism.
d.	Peace and order on the home front.
e.	All hoped for a more pious, spiritual, and God-fearing community.

29. Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about Eugene V. Debs?

a.	He cited abolitionists in defense of Americans’ freedom to dissent.
b.	His arrest for violation of the Espionage Act was the result of an antiwar speech.
c.	His prison sentence was commuted by President Wilson before his stroke.
d.	He ran for president while in prison and received 900,000 votes.

30. The Espionage Act (1917) and the Sedition Act (1918):

a.	were the first federal restrictions on free speech since 1798.
b.	drew mostly from similar language in state law.
c.	came after strong public calls for a more “defensible democracy.”
d.	copied similar legislation from Germany, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire.
e.	were put on the books, but never applied.

31. Which of the following statements would have been prosecuted under the Sedition Act of 1918?

a.	“I like German music.”
b.	“We may lose this war.”
c.	“I call on you to boycott the draft.”
d.	“Conscientious objectors deserve to be shot.”
e.	“Heil Hitler.”

32. The American Protective League:

a.	supported radicals charged under the Espionage and Sedition Acts.
b.	was concerned about protecting immigrants from persecution.
c.	was concerned about the threat to civil liberties.
d.	sought to protect women from abuse.
e.	worked with the Justice Department to identify radicals.

33. Eugenics is:

a.	the study of the supposed mental characteristics of different races.
b.	the movement toward colonization in Africa by blacks from the United States.
c.	the practice of using poison gas by the Germans during World War I.
d.	the socialist strategy of infiltrating labor unions in the United States.
e.	the genetic modification of human behavior.

34. How did eugenics shape public policy during World War I?

a.	It opened American’s eyes to the commonalities both native-born citizens and immigrants had.
b.	It successfully undermined nativism and exposed it for the bigotry it was.
c.	It provided anti-immigrant sentiment with an air of professional expertise.
d.	It proved the superior traits of allied soldiers over German soldiers.
e.	It led to a ban on military service for African- Americans.

35. During World War I, Americans reacted to German-Americans and Germans in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

a.	in Iowa, the governor required that all oral communication be done in English.
b.	“hamburger” was changed to “liberty sandwich.”
c.	the director of the Boston Symphony was interned for playing the works of German composers.
d.	the teaching of foreign languages was restricted in many states.
e.	the federal government barred German immigration to the United States.

36. During his presidency, Woodrow Wilson:

a.	dismissed numerous black federal employees.
b.	banned the showing of the movie Birth of a Nation at the White House.
c.	outlawed discrimination in federal agencies.
d.	appointed several black judges.
e.	built on his civil rights record as governor of Virginia.

37. In what ways was W.E.B. Du Bois a typical progressive?

a.	He vigorously opposed the war.
b.	He blamed African-Americans for their own plight.
c.	He believed that only a social revolution could bring racial justice to the United States.
d.	He believed that investigation, exposure, and education could solve the nation’s problems.
e.	He was mostly concerned with the farmers’ plight during the war.

38. All of the following statements about African-American participation during World War I are true EXCEPT:

a.	the navy barred African-Americans entirely.
b.	the army was segregated.
c.	President Wilson allowed African-American soldiers to march in a Paris victory parade.
d.	the army barred most African-Americans from combat.
e.	the army tried to persuade the French to not treat African-American soldiers as equals.

39. African-Americans migrated north during the Great Migration for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

a.	the prospect of higher wages.
b.	the prospect of owning their own homes.
c.	escaping the threat of lynching.
d.	the prospect of being able to vote.
e.	being able to educate their children.

40. African-Americans who migrated to the North during the “Great Migration” encountered all of the following conditions EXCEPT:

a.	restricted employment opportunities.
b.	menial and unskilled jobs.
c.	exclusion from the public school system.
d.	housing segregation.
e.	violence.

41. How did Garveyites define freedom at the time of World War I?

a.	As the right to serve and desegregate military units.
b.	As black self-reliance and national self-determination.
c.	As equal pay for equal work.
d.	As the perfect blending and assimilation of white and black Americans.
e.	As the right to bear arms and listen to jazz.

42. How did World War I and the rhetoric of freedom shape the labor movement and workers’ expectations?

a.	World War I had a minimal impact on the labor movement.
b.	There were very few labor strikes after the war.
c.	Wartime propaganda turned the labor movement toward nationalism.
d.	Wartime rhetoric inspired hopes for social and economic justice.
e.	Workers abandoned their push for the eight-hour day.

43. All of the following statements about the Great Steel Strike of 1919 are true EXCEPT:

a.	the strike involved mostly nonimmigrant workers.
b.	the strike centered in Chicago.
c.	the strike involved 365,000 workers.
d.	workers demanded union recognition.
e.	workers won an eight-hour day.

44. Which statement about the Red Scare is FALSE?

a.	Officials believed that labor strikes were connected to the Russian Revolution.
b.	The government deported hundreds of immigrant radicals.
c.	It propelled J. Edgar Hoover’s career as an anticommunist government agent.
d.	It resulted in a wave of sympathy for persecuted workers.
e.	It all but destroyed the IWW and the Socialist Party.

45. Assess the impact of the bombing of the New York Stock Exchange in September 1920.

a.	It triggered the notorious raids against radical labor organizations.
b.	It caused the death of forty people.
c.	It prompted the American Communist Party to strengthen its ties to the Soviet regime in Moscow.
d.	It rekindled anti communist repression and led to the conviction and execution of five conspirators.
e.	The bomb did not kill anyone, but it triggered a worldwide stock market collapse and recession.

46. Woodrow Wilson’s efforts at the Versailles peace conference in Paris:

a.	failed to achieve the inclusion of a League of Nations in the peace treaty.
b.	refused a treaty clause holding Germany morally responsible for the war.
c.	were thwarted by angry Parisian crowds upon his arrival.
d.	did not include support for the independence of peoples still under British and French colonial rule.

47. Which of the following statements about the Treaty of Versailles is FALSE?

a.	It’s failure to reflect the ideals of self-determination inspired cynicism in the non-European world.
b.	It sparked the rise of a new anti-Western nationalist movement.
c.	It was opposed by Republicans in Congress and never ratified by the United States.
d.	It demonstrated Woodrow Wilson’s considerable negotiation skills.

MATCHING

TEST 1

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.

a.	arrested under the Espionage Act
b.	liberal internationalism
c.	Birth of a Nation
d.	first female member of Congress
e.	Niagara movement
f.	Universal Negro Improvement Association
g.	National Woman’s Party
h.	“Trans-National America”
i.	Monroe Doctrine corollary
j.	Dollar Diplomacy

1. Woodrow Wilson

2. W. E. B. Du Bois

3. Eugene Debs

4. Alice Paul

5. Marcus Garvey

6. Theodore Roosevelt

7. Randolph Bourne

8. Jeannette Rankin

9. William Howard Taft

10. D. W. Griffith

TEST 2

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.

a.	improving the human species by controlling heredity
b.	relocation of blacks to the North
c.	international police power in Western Hemisphere
d.	a world organization
e.	assimilating immigrants
f.	British ship sunk by Germans
g.	proposed a German-Mexican alliance
h.	proposed agenda for the peace conference
i.	Four-Minute Men
j.	anti-labor crusade after the war
k.	opposed U.S. entry into war
l.	restricted Japanese immigration

11. Fourteen Points

12. Committee on Public Information

13. Gentlemen’s Agreement

14. Red Scare

15. Roosevelt Corollary

16. League of Nations

17. Great Migration

18. Zimmerman Telegram

19. eugenics

20. IWW

21. Americanization

22. Lusitania

TRUE/FALSE

1. Theodore Roosevelt was more active in international diplomacy than most of his predecessors.

2. The Roosevelt Corollary claimed for the United States the right to exercise an international police power in the Western Hemisphere.

3. Emiliano Zapata and “Pancho” Villa led rival peasant factions who united in support of Wilson’s Mexican ally, Venustiano Carranza in the aftermath of the Mexican Revolution.

4. Woodrow Wilson issued the Fourteen Points in January 1918, which established the agenda for the peace conference that followed World War I.

5. The “great cause of freedom” was a phrase frequently used in anti-war literature mocking American involvement in the conflict.

6. Woodrow Wilson had been adamantly opposed to woman’s suffrage prior to 1918.

7. The patriotic efforts of American women during World War I helped achieve passage of the Nineteenth Amendment.

8. The Espionage Act of 1917 prohibited not only spying and interfering with the draft but also “false statements” that might impede military success.

9. Patriotism during World War I meant support for the government, the war, and the American economic system.

10. During World War I, most Progressives were outraged at the broad suppression of freedom of expression and spoke out against the Sedition Act.

11. Eugenics, which studied the alleged mental characteristics of different races, gave anti-immigrant sentiment an air of professional expertise.

12. The war weakened the conviction that certain kinds of persons ought to be excluded from immigrating to America, which had lots of support before the war.

13. Progressive intellectuals, social scientists, labor reformers, and suffrage advocates displayed a remarkable indifference to the black condition in the early twentieth century.

14. In some ways, W. E. B. Du Bois was a typical Progressive who believed that investigation, exposure, and education would lead to solutions for social problems.

15. World War I opened thousands of industrial jobs to black laborers for the first time, inspiring a large-scale migration from South to North called the Great Migration.

16. Marcus Garvey launched a separatist movement, encouraging blacks to embrace their African heritage.

17. The Red Scare was a short-lived, but intense period of political intolerance inspired by the postwar strike wave and the social tensions and fears generated by the Russian Revolution.

18. The Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I was a fair document that all but guaranteed future peace in Europe.

19. Woodrow Wilson certainly meant to include in his democracy black Americans and the colonial peoples of the world.