Homework answers / question archive / 1)In 1543 Nicolas Copernicus published On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres in which he wrote that the sun, rather than the earth, is the center of the solar system

1)In 1543 Nicolas Copernicus published On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres in which he wrote that the sun, rather than the earth, is the center of the solar system

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1)In 1543 Nicolas Copernicus published On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres

in which he wrote that the sun, rather than the earth, is the center of the solar system. Why was this claim so important and why did it have such a profound impact upon philosophy beyond the realm of science—i.e., natural philosophy? Your answer should be a minimum of two paragraphs long.

2)Please describe what John Locke meant by Tabula Rasa and the Social Contract and how these two ideas are connected. You answer should be about two paragraphs long minimum.

 

3)Please explain the contributions of John Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau to American democracy. You should write two to three sentences for each.

 

4)Please explain the long-term causes of the French Revolution. You should devote three to four sentences to describing each.

 

5)Please explain the context and significance of the quote below. Who wrote it? What were they talking about? Why was it important?

 

"All this makes an English merchant justifiably proud and leads him to compare himself, not unreasonably, to a Roman citizen. Nor do the younger sons of English Lords despise commercial matters. . . . [while French nobles] look down on businessmen, and French businessmen hear so much criticism of their profession they are foolish enough to blush. However, I'm not certain who is more useful to a country, a nobleman who knows when the King gets up or goes to bed, and gives himself grand airs while playing the part of a slave in some Minister's hallway, or a business man who makes his country rich . . . and contributes to the well-being of the world."

 

6)Please what Adam Smith meant by "laissez-faire" and the "invisible hand."

 

7)What did Karl Marx mean by "property" and "capital?" List and describe his four forms of alienation.