Please match the following examples with the waste management hierarchy (10 points) Examples Coal fly ash from a power plant is transported to a cement manufacturer and mixed into new cement

1. Please match the following examples with the waste management hierarchy (10 points)

Examples

1. Coal fly ash from a power plant is transported to a cement manufacturer and mixed into new cement.
2. In a chemical reactor, unreacted feed is separated and recycled back to the reactor.
3. Vapor emission from tanks holding fuel at a petroleum refinery are captured and burned in a flare device.
4. A metal matching operation reduced scrap waste by using computer-assisted machining to reduce operator error.
5. Waste mine rock is separated from valuable ore and piled up on the surface of the earth
6. Sludge from a wastewater treatment plant is recovered and transferred to a landfill for disposal
7. Waste heat from the ventilation exhaust of a building is transferred to incoming cold air, thus reducing energy use and emissions.

Waste Management

1. Source reduction; B. In-process recycle; C. On-site recycle; D. Off-site recycle

E. Waste treatment; F. Secure disposal; G Direct release to the environment

2. Is there any ISO standard related to sustainability? If so, please provide brief description of those ISO standards. (10 points)

3. What are the major differences between WEEE and RoHS? (10 points)

4. Please explain how does the difference between function life cycle and performance life cycle cause Life Cycle Mismatch? (15 points)

5. What are the major differences between Voluntary programs and Negotiated Agreements? (15 points)

6. Lurmann, et al. (1999) have estimated the costs associated with ozone and fine particulate matter concentrations above the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) in Houston. They estimated that the economic impacts of early mortality and morbidity associated with elevated fine particulate matter concentrations (above the NAAQS) are approximately $3 billion/year. Hall, et al. (1992), performed a similar assessment for Los Angeles. In the Houston study, Lurmann et al examined the exposures and health costs associated with a variety of emission scenarios. One set of calculations demonstrated that a decrease of approximately 300 tons/day of fine particulate matter emissions resulted in a 7 million person-day decrease in exposure to particulate matter concentrations above the proposed NAAQS for fine particulate matter, 17 less early deaths per year, and 24 fewer cases of chronic bronchitis per year. Using estimated costs of $300,000 per case of chronic bronchitis and $7,000,000 per early death, estimate the social cost per ton of fine particulate matter emitted. (20 points)

7. Consider the transactions in a three-industry economy shown in the table below; please calculate the total effects of $50 additional demand from Agriculture Sector and $30 additional demand from Transportation Sector. (20 Points)