Homework answers / question archive / Question 1 1 / 1 pts According to Searle's 'Chinese room' argument    one cannot derive meaning from symbol manipulation alone;     symbol manipulation is not a feature of linguistic ability;     computers need to have more background knowledge to truly understand language;     context is uniportant in understanding language

Question 1 1 / 1 pts According to Searle's 'Chinese room' argument    one cannot derive meaning from symbol manipulation alone;     symbol manipulation is not a feature of linguistic ability;     computers need to have more background knowledge to truly understand language;     context is uniportant in understanding language

Psychology

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Question 1

1 / 1 pts

According to Searle's 'Chinese room' argument

  

one cannot derive meaning from symbol manipulation alone;

   

symbol manipulation is not a feature of linguistic ability;

   

computers need to have more background knowledge to truly understand language;

   

context is uniportant in understanding language.

 

 

Question 2

1 / 1 pts

Chomksy criticised behaviourism because of which following reasons?
i) He thought that there was nothing unscientific about theorising about unobservable mental states;
ii) He believed it could not account for the creativity of linguistic behaviour;
iii) He believed that the internal construction of the organism was just as important in predicting behaviour as the environment in which the organism was situated;
iv) He believed that behaviourism did not recognise the importance of innate factors in psychology.

  

i only;

   

i and ii only;

   

i, ii, and iii only;

   

i, ii, iii, and iv.

 

 

Question 3

1 / 1 pts

Cognitive psychology

  

completely rejected the behaviourist ideas of stimulus and response;

   

continued to operate with much of the conceptual machinery of behaviourism;

   

constituted a Kuhnian scientific revolution in which the behaviourist paradigm was replaced by a new one;

   

replaced the mechanistic assumptions of behaviourism with a view of the organism as a purposive being.

 

 

Question 4

1 / 1 pts

Cognitivism defines mental states and processes in terms of

  

the functions that they perform;

   

the physical substrate that performs them;

   

the conscious experiences to which they give rise;

   

their intrinsic characteristics.

 

 

Question 5

1 / 1 pts

Dreyfus criticises AI because he believes
i) that the situation in which cognition occurs is crucial to it;
ii) that much of thought and action is not underpinned by explicitly formalisable rules;
iii) that current computer technology is not sufficiently high in memory to store enough information to simulate mental states;
iv) that computer programmes are too rigid to account for the learning of new mental skills.

  

i only;

   

i and ii only;

   

i, ii, and iii only;

   

i, ii, iii, and iv.

 

 

Question 6

1 / 1 pts

Fodor advocated methodological solipsism for which of the following reasons?
i) The truth or falsity of a representation does not alter the representation itself;
ii) The external world is irrelevant to the computations performed by the mind;
iii) Mental states can be defined without reference to the external world
iv) He believed, like Descartes, that the existence of the external world could not be proved

  

i only;

   

i and ii only;

  

i, ii, and iii only;

   

i, ii, iii, and iv.

 

 

Question 7

1 / 1 pts

Simon argued that we can use computer simulations to model human thinking because

  

the correct solution to a problem is more important than the method used to solve it;

   

the human brain can be thought of as a general information processing device;

   

humans always use algorithms to solve problems;

   

there is an essential similarity between the 'hardware' of the human brain and that of a computer.

 

Question 8

1 / 1 pts

The 'imitation game' or 'Turing test' is concerned with

  

whether humans can imitate the logical steps in a computer algorithm;

   

whether a computer can beat a human at chess;

   

whether a computer can produce unpredictable responses;

   

whether a participant can tell whether he or she is communicating with a computer or with another human being.

 

 

Question 9

1 / 1 pts

The programme ELIZA mimicked the responses of a therapist talking to a client by

  

accessing a database of dialogues to pick the most appropriate answer;

   

manipulating linguistic symbols according to some simple rules;

   

using a detailed mental model to understand human interactions;

   

none of the above.

 

 

Question 10

1 / 1 pts

Tolman introduced intervening mental variables between stimulus and response because he thought that they were necessary to explain

  

the flexibility of behaviour that he observed in rats finding their way through a maze;

   

the conscious experience of hunger experienced by rats finding their way through a maze;

   

the free decision of the rats to find their way through a maze;

 

knowledge on the part of the rats that there was food in the maze.