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Problem Set 1: Practice problems for monohybrid crosses

Biology

Problem Set 1: Practice problems for monohybrid crosses. 1. Mendel crossed pea plants that always produced green peas (true-breeding green plants) with plants that always produced yellow peas (true-breeding yellow plants). Today, we call true breeding plants homozygous. He discovered that in his pea plants, yellow seed coat color is dominant to green seed coat color. Today we understand what occurred in terms of inheritance of genes. If an individual inherits a gene coding for green from one parent and a gene coding for yellow from the other parent, the result is always a plant that makes yellow seeds. However, Mendel observed that this plant would have the potential to produce about ½ offspring which made green seeds if it was bred to a parent that was green. He also noted that if two of the offspring were bred together (selfpollination), about ¼ of the offspring would have green seeds. Today, we say that the offspring of plants with opposite phenotypes will be heterozygous. They will carry one version of the gene from one parent and the other version of the gene from the other parent. The reason we say "yellow is dominant to green" is because the presence of the yellow gene in combination with the green gene masks (hides) the presence of the green gene. • In the example described above, what trait was Mendel studying? • What are the two potential phenotypes for this trait? • How is the genotype of the green parent represented? • How is the genotype of the yellow parent represented? • How do we represent the genotype of the gametes of the green parent? • How do we represent the genotype of the gametes of the yellow parent? • Explain why the genotype symbol includes two letters and the gamete symbol includes only one letter. • List all the possible genotypes which can exist for this trait. Next to the genotype, write the phenotype which this genotype produces: Genotype Phenotype • Make a Punnett square showing the parental cross and the genotypic and phenotypic ratio of the offspring of the parental cross. • Make a Punnett square showing a cross between two F1 offspring (This could be a self- pollination event, but it is still shown as a cross between two parents.) Give the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring of this cross (That is, give the predicted ratios for the F2 generation)

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